ANALYSIS OF PIGMENT CELLS DIFFERENCE IN BODY COLOR VARIATION OF PLECTROPOMUS LEOPARDUS
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摘要: 为了揭示豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)体色变异机制, 研究选取了不同体色个体的样本, 利用石蜡切片、冰冻切片及体视显微镜观察等方法揭示不同皮肤部位色素细胞的类型、分布和数量的差异, 并对应激和非应激状态下色素细胞的变化进行了研究。结果显示, 黑色素细胞在背部和尾部分布比较密集, 在腹部较为稀疏, 黑色个体的黑色素细胞数量较红色个体多; 在应激状态下个体能迅速发生体色变化, 主要由于色素细胞快速扩张和收缩导致。研究为进一步揭示豹纹鳃棘鲈体色变异的分子机制和优良品种选育奠定了基础。Abstract: Body color is an unique phenotypic trait of fish, which is of great significance to the survival of species, avoiding enemy damage and preventing ultraviolet erosion. Coral reef fishes have rich species diversity and body color variation. Plectropomus leopardus, a coral reef fish, shows significantly different body colors in different environments. Its body color is gorgeous and bright, with high ornamental value and high economic value. Plectropomus leopardus is a valuable material to study the development and variation of body color. In order to reveal the mechanism of fish body color variation, Plectropomus leopardus individuals with different colors were selected. The skin color, types of pigment cells and movement state of pigment cells in different parts were observed by means of paraffin section, frozen section and stereoscopic microscope to compare the red and black Plectropomus leopardus. Then, the skin sections of the individuals with different colors were observed to analyze the influence of the number and distribution of pigment cells on the change of body color. Meanwhile, the difference of pigment cells between stress and non-stress groups was also studied. The results showed that the morphology of melanocytes and erythrocytes was mainly dendritic, and some are punctate. The size of melanocytes was 20—35 μm, and that of erythrocytes was 20—25 μm. In the black individuals, the back epidermis were mainly melanocytes, and the cells were zonal distribution. In the abdomen epidermis of the black individuals, a large number of melanocytes were observed. While in the tail of the black individuals, a large number of melanocytes were mainly distributed, the cell density was the largest, some cells were stacked distribution, and the tissue color was the deepest. In the red individuals, the dorsal epidermis was mainly composed of red pigment cells. In the abdominal epidermis, only red pigment cells were observed, with a small number of cells scattered in the tissues and the lightest color. In the tail of the red individuals, red pigment cells were widely distributed, with a block distribution, and a small number of melanocytes were observed in the tail epidermis. In the stress group, body color changed quickly and the granular pigment cells were smaller and darker than those in non-stress group, which was mainly due to the rapid expansion and contraction of pigment cells. This research will lay the foundation for further discovery of the development mechanism of body color formation of Plectropomus leopardus, and also provide theoretical guidance for the breeding.
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Keywords:
- Plectropomus leopardus /
- Body color variation /
- Pigment cells /
- Stress /
- Frozen section
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图 1 豹纹鳃棘鲈应激状态和非应激状态
a.黑色个体应激状态; b.黑色个体非应激状态; c.红色个体应激状态; d.红色个体非应激状态
Figure 1. The body color in stressed and unstressed state of Plectropomus leopardus
a. Black individual stress state; b. Black individual unstress state; c. Red individual stress state; d. Red individual unstress state
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图 2 非应激状态下豹纹鳃棘鲈皮肤色素体密度比较
Figure 2. Comparison of pigment density of Plectropomus leopardus under non-stress state
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图 3 豹纹鳃棘鲈皮肤组织切片显微结构
A. 致密层; B. 疏松层; C. 表皮层; 箭头. 色素细胞
Figure 3. Microscopical observation on skin section of Plectropomus leopardus
A. stratum compactum; B. tectorium; C. epidermis; Arrow. pigment cell
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图 4 豹纹鳃棘鲈皮肤组织切片显微结构
A. 红色个体背部切片; B. 红色个体腹部切片; C. 红色个体尾部切片; D. 黑色个体背部切片; E. 黑色个体腹部切片; F. 黑色个体尾部切片; M. 色素细胞
Figure 4. Microscopical observation on skin section of Plectropomus leopardus
A. red individual back section; B. red individual abdomen section; C. red individual tail section; D. black individual back section; E. black individual abdomen section; F. black individual tail section; M. melanocytes
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图 5 豹纹鳃棘鲈组织冰冻切片显微结构
A. 黑色个体尾部切片; B. 红色个体尾部切片; M.黑色素体; R. 红色素体
Figure 5. microscopical observation of frozen section of tail tissue in Plectropomus leopardus
A. black individual tail section; B. red individual tail section; M. melanosome; R. red pigment
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图 6 非应激状态和应激状态下的豹纹鳃棘鲈表皮色素体
A. 非应激状态下色素细胞分布; B. 应激状态下色素细胞分布; M. 黑色素体; R. 红色素体
Figure 6. Microscopic observation results of the Plectropomus leopardus in unstress state and stress state
A. Distribution map of pigment cells in unstress state; B. distribution map of pigment cells in stress state; M. melanosome; R. red pigment
表 1 豹纹鳃棘鲈皮肤色差值比较
Table 1 Comparison of color difference of Plectropomus leopardus
皮肤部位
Skin region红色个体
Red individual黑色个体
Black individual应激状态 非应激状态 应激状态 非应激状态 背部Dorsal 43.80b 63.23a 26.00c 47.50b 腹部Abdomen 21.77a 19.57ab 12.80b 22.83a 尾部Tail 61.23ab 59.47a 52.2a 50.07b 注: 上标不同字母之间表示存在显著性差异(P<0.05); 表格所示结果为总色差Note: Different superscript letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The result shown in the table is the total color difference 
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