美洲鳗鲡幼鱼饲料中鱼油的适宜添加水平研究

OPTIMAL LEVEL OF FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIET OF JUVENILE AMERICAN EELS (ANGUILLA ROSTRATA)

  • 摘要: 为研究饲料中鱼油添加水平对美洲鳗鲡(Anguilla rostrata)幼鱼生长性能、消化酶、体成分及肝脏脂肪代谢的影响, 以确定美洲鳗鲡幼鱼饲料中鱼油的适宜添加水平, 选用初始体重(8.34±0.12) g的美洲鳗鲡幼鱼800尾, 随机分成5组, 每组4个重复, 每个重复40尾; 分别投喂添加0(对照组)、3%(FO3组)、6%(FO6组)、9%(FO9组)和12%(FO12组)鱼油的试验饲料, 试验期56d。结果表明, 饲料中添加鱼油显著影响美洲鳗鲡幼鱼生长性能, FO6组美洲鳗鲡幼鱼的增重率、投饵率和饲料效率显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比, 鱼油添加组美洲鳗鲡幼鱼肠道脂肪酶活性显著提高(P<0.05), 蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著降低(P<0.05); FO6组、FO9组和FO12组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05), 全鱼粗蛋白质含量在FO12组显著降低(P<0.05), 全鱼水分和灰分含量无显著变化(P>0.05); FO9组和FO12组脂肪酸合成酶活性显著降低(P<0.05), FO12组脂蛋白酯酶和肝脂酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)。综上, 饲料中添加适宜鱼油水平可以提高美洲鳗鲡幼鱼的生长性能, 调节肠道脂肪酶活性、全鱼粗脂肪含量和肝脏脂肪代谢酶水平或活性; 美洲鳗鲡幼鱼获得最佳增重率和饲料效率时, 饲料中鱼油添加水平推荐为6.43%—6.78%。

     

    Abstract: This experiment was conducted to achieve the optimal dietary fish oil supplementation level of juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata) by evaluating the parameters of growth performance, digestive enzymes activities, body composition, and lipid metabolism enzymes in the liver. 800 juvenile American eels with an average body weight of (8.34±0.12) g per fish were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replicates per group and 40 fish per replicate. The basal diets were supplemented with 0 (control group), 3% (FO3 group), 6% (FO6 group), 9% (FO9 group), and 12% (FO12 group) fish oil, respectively. The trial lasted for 56 days. Dietary fish oil supplementation significantly affected the growth performance of juvenile American eels. The weight gain rate, feeding rate, and feed efficiency of juvenile American eels in FO6 group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, intestinal lipase activities increased significantly in fish oil supplementation groups (P<0.05). The activities of protease and amylase decreased significantly by fish oil supplementation (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the activities of protease and amylase among different fish oil supplementation groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of crude lipid of the whole body increased significantly in FO6 group, FO9 group, and FO12 group (P<0.05). The content of crude protein decreased significantly only in FO12 group (P<0.05). The contents of moisture and ash were similar among all the fish oil supplementation groups (P>0.05). The activities of fatty acid synthase decreased significantly only in FO9 and FO12 groups (P<0.05), the activities of lipoprotein esterase and liver lipase increased significantly only in FO12 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the adequate supplementation level of fish oil in diet might improve the growth performance by regulating the intestinal digestive enzymes activities, lipid content in whole fish and lipid metabolism enzymes levels or activities in the liver. The recommended level of fish oil supplementation in the diet was 6.43% to 6.78% for the highest weight gain rate and feed efficiency of juvenile American eels.

     

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