不同养殖模式对亚东鲑幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分的影响

DIFFERENT CULTURE MODES ON GROWTH, SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES AND MUSCLE NUTRIENT OF YOUNG SALMO TRUTTA

  • 摘要: 为了探索亚东鲑(Salmon trutta)多元化养殖模式, 以初始体质量(100.05±1.12) g幼鱼作为研究对象, 开展循环水和开放流水模式养殖比较, 试验周期180d, 分析比较其生长性能、血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分差异。结果表明: 在开放流水模式下增重率、肥满度、肝体指数、特定生长率和饲料转化率均显著高于循环水模式(P<0.05), 存活率二者差异不显著(P>0.05); 在循环水模式下补体C4、总蛋白和生长激素均显著低于开放流水模式(P<0.05), 但溶菌酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶相反(P<0.05), 补体C3、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和球蛋白在两种模式之间差异均不显著(P>0.05); 肌肉主要营养成分粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量开放流水模式高于循环水模式, 氨基酸组成二者差异不显著(P>0.05), 脂肪酸中油酸、α-亚麻酸、C20﹕1、C20﹕2和MUFA含量均显著低于开放流水(P<0.05), 而EPA+DHA、SAFA和PUFA含量相反, 二者之间差异性显著(P<0.05), 矿物质镁含量循环水模式显著高于开放流水模式(P<0.05), 钙含量相反(P<0.05), 锌、铁和硒含量差异性均不显著(P>0.05)。综上, 在西藏地区进行亚东鲑循环水养殖, 可充分利用当地丰富太阳能、地热资源或依托温室进行水温调控, 同时进一步优化水体微生态净化能力, 使其生长条件更贴近开放流水养殖环境, 进而提升亚东鲑养殖效益, 保证营养品质。

     

    Abstract: To explore the diversified culture mode of Salmon trutta, a study was conducted to compare the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and muscle nutrient composition between recirculating water and open water culture modes with an initial body mass of juvenile S. trutta (100.05±1.12) g for 180d. The results showed that weight gain rate, fatness, liver body index, specific growth rate, and feed conversion rate were significantly higher in open flow water mode than in recirculating water mode (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in survival rate between them (P >0.05). Meanwhile, complement C4, total protein, and growth hormone were significantly lower in the circulating water mode than in the open running water mode (P<0.05), but the opposite was true for lysozyme, ghrelin, and glutamate (P<0.05), while complement C3, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and globulin were not significantly different between the two modes (P>0.05). In addition, the crude protein and crude fat contents of the main muscle nutrients were higher in the open running water mode than in the circulating water mode, the amino acid composition was not significantly different between the two (P>0.05), and the fatty acid contents of oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, C20﹕1, C20﹕2, and MUFA were significantly lower than in the open running water (P<0.05), while the contents of EPA+DHA, SAFA, and PUFA were significantly different (P<0.05). Furthermore, mineral magnesium content was significantly higher in the recycled water model than in the open running water model (P<0.05), calcium content was the opposite (P<0.05), and the differences in zinc, iron, and selenium content were not significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, the circulating water culture mode of S. trutta in Tibet can make full use of the abundant local solar and geothermal resources or rely on the greenhouse for water temperature control, while further optimizing the micro-ecological purification capacity of the water body to make its growth conditions more similar to the open water culture environment, thus improving the efficiency of S. trutta culture and ensuring the nutritional quality.

     

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