黑水虻幼虫粉替代不同比例鱼粉对加州鲈生长、机体健康和肌肉品质的影响

REPLACING DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF FISHMEAL WITH HERMITIA ILLUCENS MEAL ON THE GROWTH, HEALTH AND MUSCLE QUALITY OF MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES

  • 摘要: 配制4组等氮等脂(45%蛋白, 15%脂肪)的配合饲料, 对照组含有30%的鱼粉(FM30), 其他3组分别用黑水虻(Hermitia illucens)幼虫粉替代16.67%(FM25)、33.33%(FM20)、50%(FM15)鱼粉, 在室内循环水养殖系统中投喂加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)幼鱼8周, 探究用黑水虻幼虫粉替代不同比例鱼粉对加州鲈生长性能、机体健康和肌肉品质的影响。结果显示, 各组加州鲈在终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、成活率上无显著差异(P>0.05), FM20组鱼拥有较高的增重率和特定生长率, 其饲料系数最低, 显著低于FM15和FM25组(P<0.05)。用黑水虻幼虫粉部分替代鱼粉, 降低了全鱼和肝脏的脂肪含量、血清甘油三酯含量、肝脏的C14﹕0、C16﹕0、C18﹕1n-9和C18﹕3n-3的含量和肌肉的DHA含量, 但是, 增加了肝脏C18﹕0、DHA、EPA和C22﹕5n-3的含量, 对肌肉和肝脏的氨基酸组成影响较小。与对照组相比, FM20组鱼前肠和肝脏的丙二醛含量显著增加(P<0.05), 前肠和血清的碱性磷酸酶活性显著降低(P<0.05), 前肠上皮出现肠绒毛破损、肠皱褶粘连等结构受损情况, 前肠脂肪酶活性、肌肉脂肪含量和全鱼粗蛋白含量、肝脏DHA含量最高。上述结果表明, 加州鲈具有内源合成高度不饱和脂肪酸的能力; 在加州鲈幼鱼的配合饲料中可以用黑水虻幼虫粉替代50%鱼粉(FM15), 鱼粉的添加量最低可降到15%, 不影响加州鲈的生长性能, 但是, 最适宜的黑水虻幼虫粉替代水平是替代33.33%鱼粉。研究成果为研制营养组成科学合理、成本低的加州鲈配合饲料提供资料。

     

    Abstract: Four diets with isonitrogenous and isolipidic (45% protein and 15% lipid) were prepared. The control group contained 30% fish meal (FM30), while the other three groups replaced 16.67% (FM25), 33.33% (FM20) and 50% (FM15) fish meal with black soldier fly (Hermitia illucens) larvae meal respectively. The juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was fed four diets in the indoor circulating water system for 8 weeks respectively. This study aimed to examine the impacts of replacing fish meal with H. illucens larvae meal on the growth performance, health and muscle quality of M. salmoides. The results showed that there was no significant difference in final body mass, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate among the four groups (P>0.05). However, the FM20 group exhibited a high WGR and SGR and a lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR), which was significantly lower than that of FM15 and FM25 (P<0.05). Partial replacement of fish meal with H. illucens larvae meal reduced the lipid content of the whole fish and liver, as well as the serum triglyceride content. Furthermore, it resulted in decreased levels of C14﹕0, C16﹕0, C18﹕1n-9 and C18﹕3n-3 in liver and DHA in muscle. Conversely, there was an elevation in C18﹕0, DHA, EPA and C22﹕5n-3 in the liver. These modifications had a marginal effect on amino acid composition in both muscle and liver. Compared with the control group, the contents of malondialdehyde in foregut and liver of the fish in FM20 group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the activities of alkaline phosphatase in foregut and serum decreased significantly (P<0.05). The intestinal epithelium of the foregut was damaged with impaired intestinal villi and intestinal fold adhesion, the activities of lipase in foregut and the contents of crude lipid in muscle and crude protein in whole fish were the highest, accompanied with the highest DHA in liver of FM20 group. The above results revealed that the largemouth bass M. salmoides had an ability of endogenous highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) biosynthesis. It is suggested that a 50% replacement of fish meal with H. illucens larvae meal (FM15) can be undertaken, with a minimum addition of 15% fish meal in diets of M. salmoides, which has no negative effects on the growth performance. However, the most suitable level is 33.33% replacement of fish meal. This study provides data for the development of nutritionally scientific and reasonable composition and low cost feed for M. salmoides.

     

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