酵母水解物对克氏原螯虾生长性能、消化、抗氧化和免疫能力的影响

DIETARY YEAST HYDROLYSATE ON GROWTH, DIGESTION, ANTIOXIDATION AND IMMUNITY OF RED SWAMP CRAYFISH (PROCAMBARUS CLARKII)

  • 摘要: 实验研究了添加不同水平酵母水解物(Yeast hydrolysate, YHY)对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长性能、消化、抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力的影响。实验选用300尾平均体重为(6.43±0.55) g的个体, 随机分为5组, 分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0 (对照组)、0.5%、1%、2%和4%YHY的饲料, 每组3个重复, 养殖密度为20尾/缸。为期8周的实验结束后, 测定克氏原螯虾生长指标、胃和肝胰腺消化酶活性、肝胰腺抗氧化性能、血清生化指标和免疫酶活性。结果表明: (1)饲料中添加1%—4% YHY 对该虾生长指标有促进作用。其中, 2%添加组的存活率(SR)、最终体重(FBW)、最终体长(FBL)和肝胰腺指数(HSI)达最大值且显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)在1%添加组达到最大值且显著高于其余各组(P<0.05); (2) 1% YHY添加组的全虾粗蛋白质含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05), 而肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量在2%添加组达到最大值; (3)与对照组相比, 2%—4% YHY添加组的胃和肝胰脏消化酶活性显著提高(P<0.05); (4) 2% YHY添加组的肝胰腺抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶, CAT; 总超氧化物歧化酶, T-SOD; 总抗氧化能力, T-AOC)和免疫酶(碱性磷酸酶, AKP; 酸性磷酸酶, ACP)的活性达到最大值、丙二醛(MDA)的含量达到最小值, 且与对照组相比均有显著差异(P<0.05); (5) 2% YHY添加组该虾血清中总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05), 1%和2% YHY添加组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。结果表明, 饲料中添加2%的酵母水解物可显著提高克氏原螯虾的消化、生长及肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量, 并显著改善其抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力。

     

    Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of yeast hydrolysate (YHY) supplementation on growth performance, digestion, antioxidant and non-specific immunity of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. A total of 300 crayfish with an average weight of (6.43±0.55) g were randomly divided into 5 groups (with 3 replicates in each group). These groups were fed with the basic diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% YHY, respectively. At the end of 8-week experiment, the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities of gastric tissue and hepatopancreas, antioxidant and immune capacities of hepatopancreas and serum biochemical indexes were determined. The results showed as follows: (1) YHY supplementation at levels ranging from 1% to 4% positively influenced the growth performance of P. clarkii. The 2% supplementation group exhibited peak values in survival rate (SR), final body weight (FBW), final body length (FBL) and hepatopancreatic index (HSI), being significantly higher than those in the control (P<0.05). The 1% supplementation group demonstrated the highest weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), which were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). (2) The crude protein (CP) content of whole body in 1.00% YHY supplementation group was significantly higher than that in any other group (P<0.05). The CP and crude lipid (CL) contents of muscle reached the maximum values in 2.00% supplementation group. (3) Gastric and hepatopancreatic digestive enzyme activities witnessed significant increases in groups supplemented with 2% to 4% YHY compared with the control (P<0.05). (4) The activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; total superoxide dismutase, T-SOD and total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) and immune enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, AKP and acid phosphatase, ACP) in hepatopancreas reached their maximum values in the 2% YHY supplementation group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content reached the minimum value concurrently, and there were significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). (5) Serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) contents were notably higher in 2% YHY supplementation group compared to other groups (P<0.05). The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly lower in 1% and 2% supplementation groups relative to other groups (P<0.05). The results showed that 2% dietary yeast hydrolysate could significantly enhance the digestion, growth performance and muscle’s CP and CL contents, as well as significantly improve the antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity of P. clarkii.

     

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