EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS ON “10-YEAR FISHING BAN” IN POYANG LAKE ECOSYSTEM BASED ON ECOPATH MODEL
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摘要:
基于渔业资源调查数据构建了鄱阳湖禁渔前后(2018和2021年)的生态系统Ecopath模型, 比较了两个时期生态系统规模、食物网及营养结构、能量流动、系统稳定性等特征的变化, 以评估“十年禁渔”措施的效果。结果表明: 在“十年禁渔”政策实施后, 鄱阳湖生态系统规模扩大了8.07%, 总生物量增加了35.7%; 生态系统的能量与物质转换效率由10.7%增长到11.3%, 能够恢复到1998年水平; 生态系统成熟度、稳定性增强; 食物网的高营养指标从28.6%增长到35.7%, 食物链长度从3.63增长到3.86。综上所述, 禁渔之后鄱阳湖生态系统规模扩大, 各功能组间的营养交互关系变强, 生态系统的物质流转速度和物质再循环的比例升高, 复杂性、稳定性和成熟度增加, 表明“十年禁渔”政策已取得明显成效。
Abstract:Based on fishery resource survey data, Ecopath models were constructed before and after the fishing ban in Poyang Lake (2018 and 2021) to evaluate the effectiveness of the “10-Year Fishing Ban” policy on ecosystem. Comparisons were made regarding differences in ecosystem scale, food web and nutrient structure, energy flow characteristics, and system stability between the two periods. The results indicate a notable expansion in the scale of the ecosystem by 8.07%, accompanied by a substantial increase in total biomass by 35.7%. Moreover, the energy and material transfer efficiency of the ecosystem experienced an improvement from 10.7% to 11.3%, which is close to the historical level of 1998 (11%). Furthermore, there was an enhancement in ecosystem maturity and stability. The high nutritional index of the food web increased from 28.6% to 35.7%, while the length of the food chain increased from 3.63 to 3.86. In summary, following the fishing ban, the Poyang Lake ecosystem exhibited increased complexity, stability, and maturity, with stronger nutritional interactions among various functional groups. The speed of material circulation and the proportion of material recycling in the ecosystem also increased, indicating that the “10-Year Fishing Ban” policy has achieved significant positive outcomes.
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图 2 禁渔前后鄱阳湖生态系统食物网结构
不同大小的圆表示不同功能组的生物量(以t/km2为单位); 灰色连线表示能量在生态系统中的流动路径; 各功能组的名称详见表 1。为了满足Ecopath软件的要求, 我们设置了一个渔业捕捞组, 用Fleet1来表示。由于渔业捕捞不属于生态系统内部生物之间的相互作用, 所以在表 1中没有列出该组名称
Figure 2. Food web structure of Poyang Lake ecosystem before and after the 10-Year Fishing Ban
Different-sized circles represent the biomass (t/km2) of different functional groups; gray lines indicate the flow of energy within the ecosystem; the names of each functional group can be found in Tab. 1. A fishing fleet, denoted as Fleet1, has been included to represent fishing activities, as per the requirements of the Ecopath software. Since fishing activities do not involve interactions among the internal biota of the ecosystem, they have not been listed in Tab. 1
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图 3 禁渔前后2018和2021年鄱阳湖水体食物网能量与物质传输效率
TST. 系统总流量; TL.营养级; TE.能量转换效率
Figure 3. Energy and material transmission efficiency of Poyang Lake aquatic food web before and after the 10-Year Fishing Ban (2018 and 2021)
TST. total system throughput; TL. trophic level; TE. transfer efficiency
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图 4 禁渔前后2018和2021年鄱阳湖生态系统混合营养效应分析
蓝色矩形图代表正的影响, 红色矩形图表示负的影响
Figure 4. Mixed trophic impact analysis of the Poyang Lake ecosystem before and after the fishing ban (2018 and 2021)
The blue rectangle represents a positive effect, and the red rectangle represents a negative effect
表 1 基于Ecopath模型的鄱阳湖生态系统功能组划分及物种组成
Table 1 Functional group and component of ecopath model in Poyang Lake
编号
No.功能组
Functional group组成
CompositionG1 Piscivorous fishes 鳜Siniperca chuatsi, 斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri, 大眼鳜Siniperca kneri, 鳡Elopichthys bambusa, 鳤Ochetobius elongatus G2 Demersal carnivorous 乌鳢Channa argus, 鲇Silurus asotus, 河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophilus, 日本鳗鲡Anguilla japonica, 大口鲇Silurus meridionalis G3 Culters 蒙古鲌Chanodichthys mongolicus, 达氏鲌Chanodichthys dabryi, 红鳍原鲌 Cultrichthys erythropterus, 翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus, 拟尖头鲌Culter oxycephaloides等 G4 Siluriformes 黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidrac, 光泽黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus nitidus , 瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachelli, 长须黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus eupogon, 白边拟鲿Pseudobagrus albomarginatus , 乌苏拟鲿Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, 长吻鮠Leiocassis longirostris, 粗唇鮠Leiocassis crassilabris, 大鳍鳠Hemibagrus macropterus G5 Black carp 青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus G6 C-carps 鲤Cyprinus carpio, 鲫Carassius auratus G7 Anchovy 短颌鲚Coilia brachygnathus, 刀鲚Coilia nasus G8 Silver carp 鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix G9 Bighead carp 鳙Aristichthys nobilis G10 Grass carp 草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus G11 Bream 团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala, 鲂Megalobrama skolkovii, 鳊Parabramis pekinensis等 G12 Xenocypris 圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris, 银鲴Xenocypris argentea, 细鳞鲴Xenocypris microlepis, 黄尾鲴Xenocypris davidi, 似鳊Pseudobrama simoni等 G13 S-pelagic 贝氏䱗Hemiculter bleekeri , 䱗Hemiculter leucisculus, 飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis, 寡鳞飘鱼Pseudolaubuca engraulis, 圆尾斗鱼Macropodus chinensis, 叉尾斗鱼Macropodus opercularis, 麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva, 似鱎Toxabramis swinhonis, 马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens等 G14 S-demersal 蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi, 光唇蛇鮈Saurogobio gymnocheilus, 长蛇鮈Saurogobio dumerili, 银鮈Squalidus argentatus, 吻鮈Rhinogobio typus, 棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis, 大鳍鱊 Acheilognathus macropterus, 华鳈Sarcocheilichthys sinensis, 黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis, 花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus, 唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo, 似刺鳊鮈Paracanthobrama guichenoti, 紫薄鳅Leptobotia taeniaps等 G15 Shrimps 沼虾(日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense) G16 Zoobenthos 底栖动物(摇蚊属Chironomus, 水丝蚓属Limnodrilus) G17 Cladocera-copepoda 枝角、桡足类 G18 Microzooplankton 小型浮游动物(轮虫和原生动物等) G19 Attached algae 附着藻类 G20 Phytoplankton 浮游植物(微囊藻属Microcystis spp.、鱼腥藻属Anabaena spp.、颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata、小环藻属Cyclotella spp.、刚毛藻属Cladophora spp.等) G21 Macrophyte 大型水生植物(苔草Carex spp.、虉草Phalaris arundinacea、南荻Miscanthus lutarioriparius、蓼子草Persicaria criopolitana, 黑藻Hydrilla verticillata, 苦草Vallisneria natans 等) G22 Detritus 碎屑 
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表 2 模型平衡的生态学和热力学原则
Table 2 Ecological and thermodynamic principles of model balance
指标Index 取值范围
Value range生态营养效率Ecological efficiency (EE) 0<EE≤1.00 食物总转换效率Gross food conversion efficiency (GE=P/Q) 0.100<GE<0.300 净效率Net food conversion efficiency (NE) NE>GE 呼吸量Respiratory (R) R>0
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表 3 禁渔前后鄱阳湖生态系统总体特征参数对比
Table 3 Comparison of general characteristic parameters of Poyang Lake ecosystem before and after the 10-Year Fishing Ban
参数
Parameter禁渔前
Pre-ban 2018禁渔后
Post-ban 2021与成熟生态系统的关系
Relationship with mature ecosystem单位
Unit生态系统成熟度参数Ecosystem Maturity 净系统生产量 (NSP) 7.77×103 5.62×103 成熟系统≈0 t/(km2·
year)总初级生产量/总呼吸量(TP/TR) 4.77 2.86 成熟系统≈1 总初级生产量/总生物量(TP/TB) 22.9 14.8 负相关 总生物量 (TB) 430 583 正相关 t/km2 生态系统稳定性参数Ecosystem Stability 连接指数 (CI) 0.28 0.34 正相关 系统杂食指数 (SOI) 0.21 0.44 正相关 循环指数 (FCI) 2.43% 9.12% 成熟系统>0.5 % 总路径数 (TP) 725 2.95×103 正相关
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附表 S1 2018年和2021年鄱阳湖生态系统基本信息
Appendix S1 Basic information of Poyang Lake ecosystem in 2018 and 2021
年份
Year密度Density
(tail/m3)水位
Water level (m)鱼平均体重
Average weight of fish (g)面积
Area (km2)捕捞量
(t)生物量Catch
biomass (t/km2)2018 35.6 17.64 9.1 3000 28000 6.48 2021 65.0 16.68 10.0 2800 0 13.00 注: 鱼的密度来自于内部鱼探仪测量数据; 鱼类个体平均体重和捕捞量数据来自内部资料; 其他水文信息参考鄱阳湖水文资源监测中心、江西水利厅Note: The fish density is derived from internal fish finder measurement data; average individual weight and catch data of fish come from internal sources; other hydrological information is referenced from the Poyang Lake Hydrological Resources Monitoring Center and the Jiangxi Water Resources Department
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附表 S2 2018年和2021年鄱阳湖鱼类物种重量及数量百分比
Appendix S2 Weight and number percentage of fish species in Poyang Lake in 2018 and 2021
名称
Common name拉丁名
Latin name编号
Group No.2018年总重量占比
2018 total weight
percentage2018年总数量占比
2018 total number
percentage2021年总重量占比
2021 total weight
percentage2021年总数量占比
2021 total number
percentage鳗鲡 Anguilla japonica 2 0.01 — — — 间下鱵 Hyporamphus intermedius 0 0.10 1.89 — 0.09 短颌鲚 Coilia brachygnathus 7 0.71 4.13 2.11 14.84 刀鲚 Coilia nasus 7 0.03 0.03 0.95 2.14 大斑花鳅 Cobitis macrostigma 14 0.01 0.07 — — 中华花鳅 Cobitis sinensis 14 — 0.12 — 0.01 紫薄鳅 Leptobotia taeniops 14 0.01 0.16 — — 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 14 0.01 0.07 — — 花斑副沙鳅 Parabotia fasciata 14 0.02 0.19 — 0.03 大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus 14 — 0.01 — — 武昌副沙鳅 Parabotia banarescui 14 — — — — 江西副沙鳅 Parabotia kiangsiensis 14 — 0.01 — — 棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis 14 0.08 1.63 — — 大鳍鱊 Acheilognathus macropterus 14 0.54 3.72 0.13 1.49 兴凯鱊 Acheilognathus chankaensis 14 0.08 1.32 — — 越南鱊 Acheilognathus tonkinensis 14 0.01 0.08 — — 无须鱊 Acheilognathus gracilis 14 — 0.04 — — 大口鱊 Acheilognathus macromandibularis 14 — 0.01 0.00 0.05 寡鳞鱊 Acheilognathus hypselonotus 14 — — 0.47 7.17 鲫 Carassius auratus 6 5.00 13.96 5.92 13.17 达氏鲌 Chanodichthys dabryi 3 1.92 1.28 2.24 2.39 红鳍原鲌 Chanodichthys erythropterus 3 1.64 2.34 0.50 0.92 蒙古鲌 Chanodichthys mongolicus 3 3.98 1.64 1.55 1.23 尖头鲌 Chanodichthys oxycephalus 3 — — — 麦瑞加拉鲮 Cirrhinus mrigala 12 0.17 0.03 0.94 1.23 鲮 Cirrhinus molitorella 12 — — 0.68 0.44 铜鱼 Coreius heterodon 14 0.01 0.01 — — 草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idellus 10 7.87 0.51 14.60 3.41 翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus 3 9.93 3.35 6.93 3.09 拟尖头鲌 Culter oxycephaloides 3 — — 0.00 0.01 鲤 Cyprinus carpio 6 26.53 5.69 3.10 0.99 圆吻鲴 Distoechodon tumirostris 12 — — — — 细鳞鲴 Plagiognathops microlepis 12 — — 0.02 0.03 鳡 Elopichthys bambusa 1 0.72 0.03 0.13 0.01 短须颌须鮈 Gnathopogon imberbis 14 — — — — 花䱻 Hemibarbus maculatus 14 0.71 1.23 0.31 0.47 唇䱻 Hemibarbus labeo 14 — 0.01 0.00 0.01 贝氏䱗 Hemiculter bleekeri 13 0.30 1.93 0.42 5.56 䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus 13 0.90 4.30 0.06 0.43 鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 8 6.77 0.58 24.28 5.50 鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis 9 5.39 0.21 17.18 1.15 鲂 Megalobrama skolkovii 11 1.98 1.57 6.40 8.02 团头鲂 Megalobrama amblycephala 11 0.45 0.08 0.99 0.52 福建小鳔鮈 Microphysogobio fukiensis 14 — 0.06 — — 青鱼 Mylopharyngodon piceus 5 0.46 0.13 0.22 0.16 鳤 Ochetobius elongatus 1 — — 0.01 0.02 稀有白甲鱼 Onychostoma rarum 12 0.01 0.01 — — 马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens 13 0.1 0.18 — 0.00 鳊 Parabramis pekinensis 11 2.18 1.14 0.75 1.45 似刺鳊鮈 Paracanthobrama guichenoti 14 0.23 0.14 0.10 0.07 彩副鱊 Paracheilognathus imberbis 14 — 0.01 0.01 0.35 长须片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus longibarbatus 14 — 0.03 — — 似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni 12 2.7 20.49 0.75 8.06 似鮈 Pseudogobio vaillanti 14 0.01 0.02 — — 寡鳞飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca engraulis 13 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.38 飘鱼 Pseudolaubuca sinensis 13 0.26 0.51 0.06 0.23 斑点蛇鮈 Saurogobio punctatus 14 — — 0.00 0.01 光唇蛇鮈 Saurogobio gymnocheilus 14 0.04 0.51 0.02 0.45 长蛇鮈 Saurogobio dumerili 14 0.01 — 0.00 0.01 银鮈 Squalidus argentatus 14 0.09 2.03 0.00 0.62 点纹银鮈 Squalidus wolterstorffi 14 — 0.01 — — 赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus 11 0.92 0.39 0.20 0.16 似鱎 Toxabramis swinhonis 13 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.02 银鲴 Xenocypris macrolepis 12 0.39 1.23 0.42 1.23 黄尾鲴 Xenocypris davidi 12 0.14 0.08 0.01 0.02 大口黑鲈 Micropterus salmoides 1 0.02 — — — 乌鳢 Channa argus 2 1.78 0.31 0.43 0.12 粘皮鲻虾虎鱼 Mugilogobius myxodermus 14 — — — — 子陵吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus 14 0.02 0.65 0.00 1.08 波氏吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius cliffordpopei 14 — — — — 小黄䱂鱼 Micropercops swinhonis 14 — 0.01 — — 河川沙塘鳢 Odontobutis potamophila 2 0.01 0.06 — — 叉尾斗鱼 Macropodus opercularis 13 0 0.01 — — 圆尾斗鱼 Macropodus chinensis 13 0 0.01 — — 鳜 Siniperca chuatsi 1 2.61 1.34 3.45 1.41 斑鳜 Siniperca scherzeri 1 0.02 0.01 — — 长身鳜 Siniperca roulei 1 — — — — 大眼鳜 Siniperca kneri 1 0.01 — — — 大鳍半鲿 Mystus macropterus 4 0.01 — — — 长吻鮠 Leiocassis longirostris 4 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli 4 0.3 0.25 0.12 0.07 长须黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus eupogon 4 0.13 0.34 0.32 3.68 白边拟鲿 Pseudobagrus albomarginatus 4 0.06 0.19 0.02 0.05 粗唇鮠 Pseudobagrus crassilabris 4 0.18 0.24 0.01 0.02 圆尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus tenuis 4 — — — — 细体拟鲿 Pseudobagrus pratti 4 — — 0.00 0.02 乌苏拟鲿 Pelteobagrus ussuriensis 4 — — 0.00 0.01 光泽疯鲿 Tachysurus nitidus 4 0.2 1.31 0.10 0.92 黄颡鱼 Tachysurus fulvidraco 4 1.91 4.17 0.35 1.07 纵带疯鲿 Tachysurus argentivittatus 4 0 0.05 0.00 0.01 黑尾䱀 Liobagrus nigricauda 4 — — — — 革胡子鲇 Clarias gariepinus 2 — — — — 鲇 Silurus asotus 2 7.47 4.38 1.73 1.78 南方鲇 Silurus meridionalis 2 0.53 0.03 0.59 0.03 中华刺鳅 Sinobdella sinensis 14 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.03 黄鳝 Monopterus albus 14 0.02 0.04 — —
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附表 S3 2018年和2021年鄱阳湖各鱼类功能组的重量百分比及生物量
Appendix S3 Weight percentage and biomass of all fish groups in Poyang Lake in 2018 and 2021
编号Group No. 重量比Weight ratio of group (%) 栖息地生物量占比Biomass in habitat area (t/km2) 2018 2021 2018 2021 G1 3.38 3.59 0.22 0.47 G2 9.80 2.74 0.63 0.36 G3 17.47 11.24 1.13 1.46 G4 2.80 0.92 0.18 0.12 G5 0.46 0.22 0.03 0.03 G6 31.53 9.02 2.04 1.17 G7 0.74 3.06 0.05 0.40 G8 6.77 24.28 0.44 3.16 G9 5.39 17.18 0.35 2.23 G10 7.87 14.60 0.51 1.90 G11 5.53 8.35 0.36 1.09 G12 3.41 2.83 0.22 0.37 G13 1.67 0.58 0.11 0.08 G14 1.91 1.05 0.12 0.14
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附表 S4 P/B和Q/B系数计算所需参数汇总
Appendix S4 Summary of required parameters for calculation of P/B and Q/B coefficient
编号Group No. 组成Composition Lmean (cm) Lmin (cm) Lmax (cm) Linf (cm) K Mest P/B Q/B 7 短颌鲚Coilia brachygnathus,
刀鲚Coilia nasus15.08 3.00 30.00 31.58 0.44 0.76 0.60 8.50 9 鳙Aristichthys nobilis 36.76 9.20 91.00 95.79 0.53 0.36 1.14 9.60 8 鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 23.84 4.60 92.00 96.84 0.33 0.47 1.25 7.30 5 青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus 14.42 8.10 57.00 60.00 0.22 0.39 1.59 4.00 10 草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus 29.27 6.70 92.00 96.84 0.21 0.33 0.63 7.40 11 团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala 11.72 5.80 66.80 70.32 0.22 0.37 2.18 8.30 11 鲂Megalobrama skolkovii 12.50 3.70 40.00 42.11 0.30 0.53 1.01 17.20 11 鳊Parabramis pekinensis 15.03 3.50 31.50 33.16 0.31 0.58 0.49 16.20 11 赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus 20.02 6.00 32.70 34.42 0.37 0.66 0.38 12.40 13 贝氏䱗Hemiculter bleekeri 8.48 3.20 14.30 15.05 0.70 1.20 0.87 15.10 13 䱗Hemiculter leucisculus 9.93 3.10 44.00 46.32 0.15 0.31 0.80 12.10 13 飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis 14.54 6.40 21.20 22.32 0.79 1.23 0.75 16.60 14 光唇蛇鮈Saurogobio
gymnocheilus7.22 4.00 10.50 11.05 0.44 0.81 0.52 14.30 14 蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi 10.82 5.50 19.60 20.63 0.62 1.09 1.14 18.90 14 银鮈Squalidus argentatus 6.32 3.40 13.20 13.89 0.85 1.52 2.20 17.60 14 棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis 5.83 2.70 17.90 18.84 0.23 0.54 0.96 20.40 14 华鳈Sarcocheilichthys
sinensis,
黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys
nigripinnis8.27 4.60 13.40 14.11 0.86 1.53 1.37 22.50 14 花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus,
唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo13.23 7.00 29.00 30.53 0.19 0.41 0.53 6.80 14 铜鱼Coreius heterodon 15.58 10.50 19.80 20.84 0.4 0.79 0.41 9.60 14 紫薄鳅Leptobotia taeniaps 6.28 4.60 11.00 11.58 0.44 0.97 1.39 16.90 14 花斑副沙鳅Parabotia fasciata 6.99 3.50 15.00 15.79 0.41 0.86 1.03 18.70 14 中华刺鳅Sinobdella sinensis 11.67 7.00 16.20 17.05 0.41 0.84 0.47 22.80 14 中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis 5.80 3.80 12.90 13.58 0.43 0.89 1.67 21.10 14 黄鳝Monopterus albus 26.8 10.00 37.30 39.26 0.41 0.69 0.30 9.50 14 子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus,
小黄䱂鱼Micropercops swinhonis4.12 1.90 8.00 8.42 0.65 1.41 1.26 14.60 1 鳡Elopichthys bambusa 40.35 19.50 96.50 101.58 0.24 0.36 0.70 8.20 3 达氏鲌Chanodichthys dabryi 16.41 6.40 44.20 46.53 0.36 0.60 1.08 5.50 3 红鳍原鲌Chanodichthys erythropterus 13.59 3.50 29.70 31.26 1.17 1.58 2.05 6.60 3 蒙古鲌Chanodichthys mongolicus 19.26 2.70 46.70 49.16 0.41 0.65 0.74 4.80 3 翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus 21.52 3.00 74.00 77.89 0.26 0.41 0.79 4.20 1 鳜Siniperca chuatsi,
斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri,
长身鳜Siniperca roulei,
大眼鳜Siniperca kneri,14.83 5.80 56.60 59.58 0.45 0.66 2.23 4.10 2 鲇Silurus asotus,
大口鲇Silurus meridionalis22.45 5.40 90.90 95.68 0.22 0.35 0.94 3.70 2 河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophila 7.77 4.30 12.80 13.47 0.86 1.27 1.41 5.90 2 乌鳢Channa argus 23.38 7.40 51.00 53.68 0.59 0.83 1.12 4.90 4 粗唇鮠Pseudobagrus crassilabris,
长吻鮠Leiocassis longirostris,
细体拟鲿Pseudobagrus pratti12.03 4.40 27.80 29.26 0.25 0.51 0.56 15.00 4 光泽黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus nitidus,
长须黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus eupogon9.65 3.00 21.00 22.11 0.40 0.77 0.75 12.90 4 黄颡鱼Tachysurus fulvidraco 10.92 2.40 33.20 34.94 0.21 0.43 0.59 6.20 4 瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachelli 16.10 7.90 28.30 29.79 0.38 0.69 0.63 11.10 6 鲫Carassius auratus 8.20 2.70 55.90 58.84 0.57 0.80 5.25 6.50 6 鲤Cyprinus carpio 17.95 1.00 84.70 89.16 0.25 0.39 1.05 9.10 12 黄尾鲴Xenocypris davidi,
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris16.52 8.30 30.00 31.58 0.37 0.67 0.68 10.40 12 银鲴Xenocypris macrolepis 10.77 5.50 26.00 27.37 0.33 0.64 1.04 16.40 12 似鳊Pseudobrama simoni 8.35 3.00 99.20 104.429 0.64 0.75 11.49 16.10 14 大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus,
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis,
无须鱊Acheilognathus gracilis,
大口鱊Acheilognathus macromandibularis6.25 2.50 7.40 7.79 0.92 1.85 0.38 32.70 14 高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus ,
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis3.99 2.70 6.20 6.53 1.43 2.70 2.82 35.80
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附表 S5 各鱼类功能组的P/B、Q/B系数
Appendix S5 P/B and Q/B coefficients of each fish functional group
编号Group No. P/B Q/B G1 2.93 12.30 G2 3.48 14.50 G3 4.66 21.10 G4 2.54 45.20 G5 1.59 4.00 G6 6.30 15.60 G7 0.60 8.50 G8 1.25 7.30 G9 1.14 9.60 G10 0.63 7.40 G11 4.05 54.10 G12 13.21 42.90 G13 2.43 43.80 G14 16.46 282.20
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附表 S6 2018年鄱阳湖生态系统的渔业捕捞数据(Fleet1表示唯一的渔业捕捞功能组)
Appendix S6 Fishery data of the Poyang Lake ecosystem in 2018 (Fleet1 represents the only-one fishing function group)
编号Group No. 功能组Group name Fleet1 合计Total 1 Piscivorous fishes 0.38 0.38 2 Demersal carnivorous 1.10 1.10 3 Culters 1.96 1.96 4 Siluriformes 0.31 0.31 5 Black carp 0.05 0.05 6 C-carps 3.53 3.53 7 Anchovy 0.08 0.08 8 Silver carp 0.76 0.76 9 Bighead carp 0.60 0.60 10 Grass carp 0.88 0.88 11 Bream 0.62 0.62 12 Xenocypris 0.38 0.38 13 S-pelagic 0.20 0.20 14 S-demersal 0.33 0.33 15 Shrimps 0 0 16 Zoobenthos 0 0 17 Cladocera-copepoda 0 0 18 Microzooplankton 0 0 19 Attached algae 0 0 20 Phytoplankton 0 0 21 Macrophyte 0 0 22 Detritus 0 0 23 Sum 11.19 11.19
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附表 S7 鄱阳湖生态系统模型的食物组成矩阵(上: 2018; 下2021)
Appendix S7 Matrix of diet composition for the Poyang Lake ecosystem model (Up: 2018; down: 2021)
被捕食者Predator 捕食者Prey G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 G1 0.01 G2 0.01 G3 0.15 0.02 G4 0.05 G5 0.01 G6 0.183 0.14 0.181 G7 0.11 G8 0.02 0.01 G9 0.01 0.02 0.01 G10 0.01 0.02 0.05 G11 0.016 0.03 0.05 G12 0.12 0.1 0.144 0.016 G13 0.101 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.05 G14 0.18 0.24 0.32 0.303 0.01 0.05 0.06 G15 0.05 0.083 0.02 0.252 0.25 0.09 0.3 0.041 0.065 G16 0.06 0.11 0.03 0.352 0.65 0.667 0.26 0.32 0.409 0.25 0.3 G17 0.1 0.02 0.101 0.2 0.08 0.6 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.2 0.06 0.06 0.2 0.3 0.2 G18 0.008 0.003 0.04 0.08 0.02 0.19 0.006 0.09 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.05 G19 0.05 0.8 0.1 0.03 0.03 0.144 0.02 0.14 0.03 0.05 0.3 0.4 G20 0.01 0.11 0.15 0.2 0.024 0.204 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.12 0.12 G21 0.049 0.012 0.75 0.7 0.073 0.09 0.17 G22 0.095 0.022 0.1 0.092 0.1 0.014 0.02 0.349 0.036 0.25 0.51 0.51 0.13 0.23 总计Sum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 被捕食者Predator 捕食者Prey G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 G1 0.01 G2 0.002 0.1 G3 0.15 0.02 G4 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 G5 0.01 0.01 G6 0.181 0.05 0.23 0.013 G7 0.11 0.02 0.001 G8 0.06 0.03 G9 0.06 0.1 G10 0.026 0.06 0.05 G11 0.03 0.06 0.04 G12 0.04 0.06 0.14 0.036 0.16 G13 0.101 0.02 0.09 0.051 0.2 G14 0.04 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.065 G15 0.01 0.12 0.148 0.15 0.15 0.24 0.05 0.2 0.141 G16 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.22 0.309 0.15 0.3 0.07 G17 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.103 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.22 0.15 0.05 G18 0.06 0.11 0.06 0.293 0.1 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.3 0.106 0.17 0.19 0.096 0.135 0.11 0.15 0.05 0.05 G19 0.1 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.33 0.03 0.194 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.3 G20 0.1 0.2 0.24 0.2 0.04 0.14 0.21 0.09 0.174 0.1 0.144 0.104 0.16 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.27 G21 0.066 0.1 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.15 G22 0.09 0.03 0.072 0.08 0.23 0 0.15 0.2 0.04 0.3 0.149 0.14 0.38 0.3 0.35 0.48 0.33 总计Sum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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附表 S8 2018年鄱阳湖生态系统模型基本输入与输出参数
Appendix S8 Basic input and estimated parameters of Poyang Lake ecosystem model during 2018
编号
No.功能组
Group营养级
TL生物量
B (t/km2)生产量/
生物量P/B消耗量/
生物量 Q/B生态营养
效率EE生产量/
消耗量 P/Q1 Fierce carnivorous 3.63 0.194 2.94 12.3 0.664 0.239 2 Demersal carnivorous 3.48 0.564 3.48 14.5 0.581 0.240 3 Culters 3.31 1.01 4.66 16.1 0.443 0.290 4 Siluriformes 3.03 0.161 4.80 16.3 0.945 0.294 5 Black carp 2.98 0.0500 2.85 12.0 0.935 0.238 6 C-carps 2.93 1.81 5.20 15.6 0.856 0.333 7 Anchovy 2.96 0.426 2.20 8.50 0.369 0.259 8 Silver carp 2.12 0.620 1.80 7.30 0.898 0.247 9 Bigheadcarp 2.46 0.580 2.50 9.60 0.880 0.260 10 Grasscarp 2.07 0.530 4.40 12.0 0.875 0.367 11 Bream 2.06 0.480 4.50 22.1 0.867 0.204 12 Xenocyprididae 2.46 0.330 12.0 32.9 0.693 0.365 13 S-pelagic 2.68 0.310 8.00 20.3 0.962 0.394 14 S-demersal 2.54 0.700 20.0 50.0 0.960 0.400 15 Shrimps 2.41 1.91 7.50 36.0 0.374 0.208 16 Zoobenthos 2.08 30.5 2.00 34.0 0.903 0.059 17 Cladocera-copepoda 2.29 24.0 13.0 42.0 0.434 0.310 18 Microzooplankton 2.05 20.4 22.0 70.0 0.621 0.314 19 Attachedalgae 1.00 20.0 99.0 — 0.510 — 20 Phytoplankton 1.00 55.0 110 — 0.154 — 21 Macrophyte 1.00 270 6.70 — 0.107 — 22 Detritus 1.00 470 — — 0.119 — 注: 粗体为模型计算; “—”表示无数据输出Note: Bolds represent results calculated by the model; “—” represents no output data
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附表 S9 2021年鄱阳湖生态系统模型基本输入与输出参数
Appendix S9 Basic input and estimated parameters of Poyang Lake ecosystem model during 2021
编号
No.功能组
Group营养级
TL生物量
B (t/km2)生产量/
生物量P/B消耗量/
生物量 Q/B生态营养
效率EE生产量/
消耗量 P/Q1 Fierce carnivorous 3.86 0.668 2.94 12.3 0.0420 0.239 2 Demersal carnivorous 3.45 0.650 3.48 14.5 0.424 0.240 3 Culters 3.17 1.46 3.66 16.1 0.318 0.228 4 Siluriformes 2.88 1.20 5.00 16.3 0.685 0.307 5 Black carp 2.64 0.0300 4.00 12.0 0.815 0.333 6 C-carps 2.80 1.73 5.20 15.6 0.895 0.333 7 Anchovy 3.26 1.00 2.20 8.50 0.589 0.259 8 Silver carp 2.92 3.16 0.800 7.30 0.307 0.110 9 Bigheadcarp 3.19 2.23 3.00 9.60 0.534 0.313 10 Grasscarp 2.51 1.90 2.20 7.40 0.468 0.297 11 Bream 2.74 1.08 5.00 22.1 0.765 0.226 12 Xenocyprididae 2.87 0.830 13.1 42.9 0.912 0.305 13 S-pelagic 2.88 0.810 7.00 23.0 0.856 0.304 14 S-demersal 2.56 1.60 15.8 45.0 0.875 0.351 15 Shrimps 2.66 4.00 8.50 35.0 0.496 0.243 16 Zoobenthos 2.55 76.0 10.0 26.0 0.287 0.385 17 Cladocera-copepoda 2.24 50.0 21.0 56.0 0.921 0.375 18 Microzooplankton 2.12 24.0 29.0 77.0 0.848 0.377 19 Attachedalgae 1.00 15.7 110 — 0.667 — 20 Phytoplankton 1.00 45.0 101 — 0.175 — 21 Macrophyte 1.00 350 6.80 — 0.222 — 22 Detritus 1.00 180 — — 0.328 — 注: 粗体为模型计算; “—”表示无数据输出Note: Bolds represent results calculated by the model; “—” represents no output data
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