繁殖洄游期青海湖裸鲤雌雄个体及群体对栖息地底质偏好选择的差异

DIFFERENCES IN HABITAT SUBSTRATE PREFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS OF GYMNOCYPRIS PRZEWALSKII DURING THEIR BREEDING AND MIGRATION PERIOD

  • 摘要: 为明晰青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)对栖息地底质的偏好, 研究通过青海湖裸鲤栖息地调查筛选出5种典型栖息地底质类型, 在青海湖支流沙柳河刚北干渠搭建配置有5种底质类型的青海湖裸鲤生境模拟池, 采用偏好指数量化法, 确定了雌雄个体偏好底质类型及偏好强度, 分析了影响青海湖裸鲤底质选择的内外因素。结果表明: (1)单尾青海湖裸鲤雌鱼个体沙砾底质访问时间最长(2540s), 雄鱼个体中小卵石底质访问时间最长(1960s); (2)青海湖裸鲤雌鱼只偏好沙砾底质(PI=6595.8), 雄鱼偏好3种底质类型, 其中中小卵石偏好程度最高(PR=10.3); (3)青海湖裸鲤雄鱼在群体底质选择中会跟随雌鱼的选择偏好, 沙砾底质访问时间最长(2051s)。研究旨在为青海湖裸鲤河道底质改造、“自然”栖息地的营造提供理论依据。

     

    Abstract: Restoring the natural habitat of Gymnocypris przewalskii is an important strategy to protect its resources. Among the essential elements of this habitat, riverbed substrate stands out, underscoring the necessity to discern the substrate preferences of G. przewalskii for habitat creation. Through a comprehensive habitat survey, this study identified five typical substrate types. Subsequently, a simulation pond featuring these substrate was constructed in the Gangbei Canal of Shaliu River, a Qinghai Lake tributary. Employing quantitative preference index methods, we evaluated the substrate preferences and intensity of both male and female G. przewalskii individuals. Additionally, we analyzed the internal and external factors influencing substrate selection in G. przewalskii. The results showed that (1) Females G. przewalskii exhibited the longest visit durations on gravel substrate (2540s), while males favored small and medium pebble (1960s); (2) Females displayed a preference solely for sandy and gravel substrate (PI=6595.8), whereas males preferred all three substrate types, particularly small and medium pebbles (PR=10.3); (3) Male G. przewalskii individuals tended to follow females’ substrate preference in group selection, with gravel substrate attracting the longest visit durations (2051s). This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for river substrate modification and the creation of “natural” habitats conducive to G. przewalskii.

     

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