船只对南京长江江豚的行为影响分析

IMPACT OF VESSELS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISES IN NANJING

  • 摘要: 长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)仅分布于我国鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、长江中下游及支流中, 繁忙的船只不可避免地对长江江豚产生影响。本课题组在2019—2023年对南京长江江豚开展了112d截线抽样船只监测, 调查船只对长江江豚行为的影响。结果表明: 船只的出现改变了长江江豚的行为类型, 觅食行为比例由48%下降到33%, 同时旅行行为比例由32%提高至43%; 船只距离对长江江豚的反应有显著影响, 300 m以上时江豚对船只的中立反应占95%, 未发现逃离行为, 但是随着距离的减少, 逃离行为逐渐增加, 在100 m内逃离反应比例接近30%; 不同船只类型和集群规模对长江江豚的行为有一定影响, 但不显著。综上, 船只有无、船只距离对长江江豚的正常活动均有较大的影响, 应加强重要栖息地航行船只的管理, 限速或禁止靠近岸边行驶, 最大限度地保护长江江豚。

     

    Abstract: The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaorientalis, YFP) is mainly distributed in Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries in China. The heavy vessel traffic in these areas inevitably impacts YFPs. Our research group conducted a 112-day vessel-based survey on YFPs in Nanjing from 2019 to 2023 using the line transect sampling method to study the impacts of vessels on porpoise behavior. The results showed that the presence of ships changed the behavior of the YFPs, with the proportion of foraging behavior decreasing from 48% to 33%, while travel behavior increased from 32% to 43%. The distance of vessels from the YFPs had significant impacts. When vessels were over 300 meters away, YFPs showed a 95% neutral response, with no observed escape behavior. However, within 300 m, the frequency of escape reactions increased, reaching nearly 30% within 100 m. The vessel type and cluster size had slight, non-significant impacts on YFP behavior. In conclusion, the presence and proximity of vessels significantly impact the normal activities of YFPs. Therefore, strict restrictions on navigation routes are necessary to prevent vessels from traveling nearshore areas where porpoises are concentrated, in order to maximize the protection efficiency for this species.

     

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