六个繁育场异育银鲫的克隆系鉴定及特征分析

CLONE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZTION ANALYSIS OF ALLOGYNOGENETIC GIBEL CARP IN SIX HATCHERIES

  • 摘要: 为了厘清湖北省异育银鲫(Carassius gibelio)繁殖群体的种质资源现状, 研究以湖北省6个苗种繁殖场的异育银鲫亲本为研究对象, 比较不同群体的生物学特征和品质性状的差异, 利用基因组重测序进行品种与克隆系鉴定和遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明, 根据180尾异育银鲫全基因组重测序的SNPs, 共鉴定出10个异育银鲫克隆系, 其中2个异育银鲫“中科3号”亚克隆系, 5个异育银鲫“中科5号”亚克隆系和3个其他克隆系。遗传多样性分析表明, 单核苷酸密度(SNP/kb)、单核苷酸多态性(p)、多态信息含量(PIC)和观测杂合度(Ho)分别为11.17、0.0050、 0.4332和0.5612。系统发育树和主成分分析结果显示, 不同群体之间表现出中度到高度的遗传分化, 同时也存在较为显著的交叉聚类现象, 结合异育银鲫克隆系分布, 表明除了梁子湖和正大群体外的繁殖亲本存在一定的种质混杂现象。不同克隆系之间的形态上存在差异, 体高/体长和头长/体长可以作为初步判断异育银鲫形态的两个参考指标。异育银鲫“中科5号”和异育银鲫“中科3号”的肌肉营养成分中粗脂肪含量差异显著, 而粗蛋白含量无明显差异。不同克隆系间的肌肉中17种脂肪酸含量均存在显著差异, DHA+EPA总量在不同克隆系之间也存在差异。研究不仅有利于异育银鲫种质资源的合理开发与保护, 而且有助于异育银鲫新品种选育和养殖产业的可持续发展。

     

    Abstract: Allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) is an important freshwater aquaculture fish in China. In order to clarify its current status of its germplasm resources in breeding population from Hubei Province, we collected six allogynogenetic gibel carp breeding populations to compare their biological characteristics and quality traits. We also investigated genetic diversity and identified varieties and clones by genome re-sequencing. The results indicated that a total of 10 clones were identified based on the SNPs from genome re-sequencing of 180 allogynogenetic gibel carps, including two allogynogenetic gibel carp “CASⅢ” subclones, five allogynogenetic gibel carp “CASⅤ” subclones, and three other clones. Genetic diversity analysis showed that single nucleotide density (SNP/Kb), single nucleotide polymorphism (p), polymorphism information content (PIC), and observed heterozygosity (Ho) were 11.17, 0.0050, 0.4332, and 0.5612, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis revealed moderate to significant genetic differentiation and a significant cross clustering phenomenon. Combined with distribution of allogynogenetic gibel carp clones, we indicated that there was a certain genetic mixing phenomenon in the breeding parents of allogynogenetic gibel carp except for LZH and ZD populations. The apparent morphology differences existed among the different populations, with body height/length and head length/body length can be used as reference indicators for morphology judgment of allogynogenetic gibel carp. The crude fat content in muscle nutrients varied significantly between “CASⅢ” and “CASⅤ”, but there was no significant difference in crude protein content. Additionally, the content of 17 fatty acids in muscle showed a significant difference among different clones, as well as the total amount of EPA and DHA, varied among different populations. This study not only benefits the rational development and protection of germplasm resources, but also contributes to the new varieties breeding and the sustainable development of allogynogenetic gibel carp aquaculture.

     

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