群体规模对慈鲷背景颜色偏好和集群行为的影响

INFLUENCE OF GROUP SIZE ON BACKGROUND COLOR PREFERENCE AND SHOALING BEHAVIOR OF CICHLIDS

  • 摘要: 为研究栖息地背景颜色和体色的动态变化对鱼类的行为影响, 以体色呈蓝色的蓝阿里(Sciaenochromis fryeri)为研究对象, 测试个体和群体实验鱼对背景颜色(红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫、黑色)和鱼群淡黑镊丽鱼(Labidochromis caeruleus)、雪中红(Metriaclima (Maylandia) estherae)、雪鲷(Hindongo socolofi)及自身体色的偏好程度, 并将结果与生态位高度重叠、体色呈黄色的淡黑镊丽鱼进行比较。结果显示, 蓝阿里个体偏好除橙色和绿色以外的所有背景颜色, 对黑色背景的偏好高于白色背景。然而, 当在群体中测量时, 蓝阿里在白色和黄色背景之间没有显著偏好。无论是个体还是群体, 对刺激鱼群的体色偏好表现一致。两者均倾向与同种或白色雪鲷保持集群。研究表明, 蓝色蓝阿里和黄色淡黑镊丽鱼对背景颜色的偏好是一致的, 来自同一栖息地的慈鲷不会因为体色不同, 背景颜色偏好有所差异, 但体色会影响其对鱼群选择的决策。

     

    Abstract: Dynamic changes in habitat background color and body color are essential to fish behavior and physiological function. This study focused on Sciaenochromis fryeri, which has a blue body color, to investigate individual and group preferences for background colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, black) and the body colors of fish shoals Labidochromis caeruleus (yellow body color), Metriaclima (Maylandia) estherae (orange body color), Hindongo socolofi (white body color), and conspecifics. The results were compared with those of L. caeruleus, which has a high niche overlap but a yellow body color. The results show that individual of S. fryeri prefer most backgrounds colors (except orange and green) over white, with a notable preference for black backgrounds. However, when measured in groups, S. fryeri showed no significant differences between the white and yellow backgrounds. The body color preference for the stimulus shoals was consistent between individuals and groups, with both preferring to associate with conspecifics or Hindongo socolofi, which has a white body color. This is the first documentation of such phenomena in fish species. The study indicates that while the background color preferences of blue S. fryeri and yellow L. caeruleus are similar, body color does play a role in shoal selection, indicating that cichlids from the same habitat do not differ in background color preference due to body color.

     

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