团头鲂(♀)×翘嘴鲌(♂)杂交三倍体肌间刺及微卫星遗传结构分析

GENETIC STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF INTERMUSCULAR BONES AND MICROSATELLITE IN HYBRID TRIPLOIDS OF MEGALOBRAMA AMBLYCEPHALA (♀) × CULTER ALBURNUS (♂)

  • 摘要: 团队运用静水压技术成功诱导出了高三倍化率(98.5%)、高成活率(80.06%)和快生长的团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala, ♀)×翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus, ♂)杂交三倍体, 并已成功应用于生产。研究进一步研究了鲂鲌杂交三倍体的肌间刺形态分布和遗传结构, 结果显示, 鲂鲌三倍体(MC-3n)、鲂鲌二倍体(MC-2n)、团头鲂(MA)和翘嘴鲌(CA)的平均肌间刺数目分别为129.4、129.0、124.5和137.6根, MC-3n与MC-2n之间的肌间刺数目差异不显著(P>0.05), 但两者与父母本的肌间刺数目差异显著(P<0.05), 且介于父母本之间。4个群体均含有7种类型的肌间刺, 且左右两侧肌间刺类型和数目均不相同, 但差异不大。4个群体的平均等位基因数分别为4.55、4.15、4.05和3.30; 平均观测杂合度分别为0.8817、0.7967、0.8250和0.5550; 平均期望杂合度分别为0.6740、0.6435、0.6325和0.4941; 平均多态信息含量分别为0.6081、0.5780、0.5632和0.4298, 表明MC-3n和MC-2n均具有丰富的遗传多样性, 且MC-3n的遗传多样性略高于MC-2n。Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析显示, 4个群体在大多数位点上都表现为杂合子过剩(D>0), 仅在少数位点上表现为杂合子缺失(D<0)。MC-3n和MC-2n与其母本团头鲂的遗传相似性均高于其父本翘嘴鲌, 遗传距离均低于父本翘嘴鲌, 均表现出一定的母本效应。聚类分析显示, MC-3n先和MC-2n聚为一支, 然后再和MA聚为一支, 最后再和CA聚类, 聚类结果与遗传距离一致。研究为鲂鲌杂交三倍体的育种和后续推广应用提供参考资料。

     

    Abstract: The hybrid triploids of Megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × Culter alburnus (♂) were successfully induced by using hydrostatic pressure technique, achieving a high triple ploidy rate (98.5%), high survival rate (80.06%), and fast growth. In this study, the morphological distribution and genetic structure of the intermuscular bones in hybrid triploid of M. amblycephala×C. alburnus were further studied. The results showed that the average number of intermuscular bones in the hybrid triploid (MC-3n), hybrid diploid (MC-2n), M. amblycephala (MA), and C. alburnus (CA) were 129.4, 129.0, 124.5, and 137.6, respectively. There was no significant difference in the number of intramuscular bones between MC-3n and MC-2n (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the hybrids and their parents (P<0.05). All four populations exhibited 7 types of intermuscular bones with no significant difference between the left and right sides. The average alleles of the four populations were 4.55, 4.15, 4.05 and 3.30, respectively. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.8817, 0.7967, 0.8250, and 0.5550, while the average expected heterozygosity was 0.6740, 0.6435, 0.6325, and 0.4941, respectively. The average polymorphic information content was 0.6081, 0.5780, 0.5632, and 0.4298, respectively, indicating rich genetic diversity in both MC-3n and MC-2n, with slightly higher diversity in MC-3n. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that all four populations exhibited heterozygote excess at most loci (D>0) and heterozygote loss at only a few loci (D<0). The genetic similarity showed that MC-3n and MC-2n were more similar to their maternal parent than to their paternal parent, with a lower genetic distance to the mother, indicating a certain maternal effect. The clustering analysis demonstrated that MC-3n clustered first with MC-2n, then with MA, and finally with CA, consistent with the genetic distance. This study provides reference for the breeding and subsequent application of hybrid triploid of M. amblycephala × C. alburnus.

     

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