德玛森小岩鲷的食物-隐蔽场所偏好: 标准代谢、个性特征和旁观者的影响

The food-shelter preference of Chindongo demasoni: the effects of standard metabolism, personality traits, and bystanders

  • 摘要: 为考查能量代谢、个性特征及旁观者(Bystander)对鱼类食物-隐蔽场所偏好的影响, 选取德玛森小岩鲷(Chindongo demasoni)为实验对象, 分别考查了其在无旁观者或有旁观者(包括饥饿、饱足、大体型、小体型四种情况)情况下的食物-隐蔽场所偏好, 以及标准代谢率(SMR, Standard metabolic rate)和个性特征(活跃性、勇敢性、攻击性)对其偏好的影响。结果发现: (1)SMR、个性特征与德玛森小岩鲷的食物-隐蔽场所偏好无显著关联; (2)德玛森小岩鲷在无旁观者或有饱足旁观者的情况下偏好隐蔽场所, 但在有大体型、小体型或饥饿的旁观者存在时对食物或隐蔽场所无显著偏好。SMR与个性特征均未影响德玛森小岩鲷的食物-隐蔽场所偏好, 可能因为同一个体对食物和隐蔽场所的需求是等同的; 但这种偏好会随旁观者的存在而发生改变, 提示旁观者的存在与否及旁观者的生理状况可能会影响资源竞争强度而改变德玛森小岩鲷对食物或隐蔽场所的偏好。研究结果表明: 社会因素可能在影响鱼类资源选择上发挥重要作用。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the effects of energy metabolism, personality traits, and the presence of bystanders on the preference for food vs. shelter in fish, we selected Chindongo demasoni as the experimental subject. We examined their preferences for food vs. shelter in the absence and presence of bystanders under four different conditions: hungry, satiated, large-sized, and small-sized. Additionally, we assessed the influence of standard metabolic rate (SMR) and personality traits (activity, boldness, aggressiveness) on their preferences. The results showed that SMR and personality traits do not significantly correlate with the preference for food vs. shelter in Chindongo demasoni. These fish prefer shelter in the absence of bystanders or in the presence of satiated bystanders. However, they do not show a significant preference for food or shelter when large-sized, small-sized, or hungry bystanders are present. The lack of influence of SMR and personality traits on the preference for food vs. shelter in Chindongo demasoni may be due to the equal importance of both resources for the same individual. Nevertheless, this preference changes with the presence of bystanders, indicating that the presence and physiological status of bystanders might affect the intensity of resource competition and subsequently alter the preference of Chindongo demasoni for food vs. shelter. These results suggest that social factors may play an important role in influencing fish resource selection.

     

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