EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC AND INFLUENCING FACTOR OF CO2, CH4, AND N2O FROM WATER-AIR INTERFACE OF LARGEMOUTH BASS CULTURE POND
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摘要:
为探究大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖系统温室气体的排放特征和规律, 于2023年7—10月采用静态箱−气相色谱法对大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO2、CH4、N2O排放通量进行了测定, 并结合水体表层环境因子和氮磷营养变化分析了其主要影响因素。结果表明: 监测期间大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO2、CH4、N2O的排放通量均值分别为(241.4±14.5)、(1.38±0.31)和(0.24±0.04) mg/(m2·h), 养殖塘整体上表现为温室气体排放源。皮尔森分析结果表明CO2排放通量与水温(WT)、温度(T)、叶绿素a (Chl.a)、压强(P)和pH呈显著正相关, 与氨氮(${\rm{NH}}^+_4 $-N)呈显著负相关; N2O排放通量与总氮(TN)、亚硝态氮(${\rm{NO}}^-_2 $-N)、硝态氮(${\rm{NO}}^-_3 $-N)和溶解氧(DO)呈显著正相关, 与WT呈显著负相关; CH4排放通量与环境因子无显著相关关系。冗余分析表明WT是影响水−气界面CO2、CH4、N2O排放的关键环境因子。在90d的重要养殖期内, 大口黑鲈养殖塘百年全球增温潜势为7.74×103 kg/hm2, 暗示大口黑鲈池塘养殖或有促进温室效应的潜力。
Abstract:Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) has become one of the important species cultured in ponds across China, yet there are few studies on greenhouse gas fluxes at the water-gas interface in largemouth bass culture ponds. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and patterns of greenhouse gas emissions in largemouth bass culture ponds located in Daye City, Hubei Province. The CO2, CH4, and N2O emission fluxes at the water-air interface were measured by static box-gas chromatography from July to October 2023. Additionally, we analyzed the main influencing factors by examining changes in surface environmental factors and nutrients levels. The results showed that the mean emission fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O at the water-air interface of the largemouth bass culture ponds were (241.0±14.5), (1.38±0.31), and (0.24±0.04) mg/m2·h during the monitoring period, respectively, indicating that the largemouth bass culture ponds are a net source of greenhouse gas emission. Pearson correlation analysis showed that CO2 emission fluxes were positively correlated with WT, T, Chl.a, P, and pH, and negatively correlated with ${\rm{NH}}^+_4 $-N. N2O emission flux was positively correlated with TN, ${\rm{NO}}^-_2 $-N, ${\rm{NO}}^-_3 $-N, and DO, and negatively correlated with WT. No significant correlation was found between CH4 emission flux and environmental factors. Redundancy analysis indicated that WT is the key environmental factor affecting the emission of CO2, CH4, and N2O at the water-air interface. During the 90-day growth cycle, the 100-year global warming potential of largemouth bass aquaculture pond was 7.74×103 kg/hm2, suggesting that pond culture of largemouth bass may have the potential to promote the greenhouse effect.
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Keywords:
- Greenhouse gases /
- Emission flux /
- Global warming potential /
- Largemouth bass /
- Pond aquaculture
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图 1 不同监测时间点大口黑鲈养殖塘的氮、磷变化特征
Figure 1. Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture at different monitoring times
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图 2 不同监测时间点大口黑鲈养殖塘的叶绿素a变化特征
Figure 2. Characteristics of chlorophylla content in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture at different monitoring times
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图 3 不同监测时间点大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO2、CH4、N2O排放特征
Figure 3. Characteristics of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions at the water-gas interface in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture at different monitoring times
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图 4 大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO2、CH4、N2O通量与环境因子的Pearson相关分析
Figure 4. Mantle analysis of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes at the water-gas interface and environmental factors in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture
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图 5 大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO2、CH4、N2O通量与环境因子的冗余分析
Figure 5. Redundancy analysis of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes at the water-gas interface and environmental factors in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture
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图 6 大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO2、CH4、N2O通量与环境因子层次分割
Figure 6. Hierarchical segmentation of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes at the water-gas interface and environmental factors in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture
表 1 不同监测时间点大口黑鲈养殖塘的气候因子变化特征
Table 1 Characteristics of climatic factors in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture at different monitoring times
指标Parameter 采样日期Sampling date 7—29 8—12 8—27 9—11 9—27 10—11 10—26 温度T (℃) 31.7±0.8ab 36.8±1.3a 28.0±1.4abc 37.6±1.3a 25.6±0.9bc 25.9±1.7bc 20.3±1.1c 风速U (m/s) 1.41±0.18 ab 1.78±0.31 ab 2.04±0.32 ab 1.57±0.28 ab 0.88±0.15b 1.00±0.20b 2.82±0.30a 压强P (hPa) 999.4±0.1d 1001.6±0.2cd 1009.1.±0.2abc 1006.6±0.4bcd 1005.9±0.2ab 1014.3±3.1ab 1024.7±0.4a 注: 同一行中平均值上标有不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05); 下同Note: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other in the same row (P<0.05); The same applies below 
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表 2 不同监测时间点大口黑鲈养殖塘的水质理化因子变化特征
Table 2 Characteristics of water quality physicochemical factors in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture at different monitoring times
指标Parameter 采样日期Sampling date 7—29 8—12 8—27 9—11 9—27 10—11 10—26 水温WT (℃) 31.3±0.1ab 33.6±0.1a 26.9±0.1bc 31.1±0.2ab 25.3±0.1bcd 22.6±0.2cd 19.4±0.1d 溶解氧DO (mg/L) 4.75±0.36ab 5.79±0.30a 5.94±0.46a 5.89±0.44a 4.02±0.19b 5.58±0.43ab 5.96±0.38a 电导率Cond (μS/cm) 577.2±16.1ab 677.6±27.9a 571.7±20.2abc 482.7±60.6bc 599.2±14.0ab 590.9±11.2ab 455.6±4.4c pH 8.36±0.05ab 8.38±0.06 ab 8.24±0.03b 8.65±0.06a 9.05±0.19a 8.59±0.07a 8.46±0.08ab
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表 3 大口黑鲈养殖池塘在90d实验期间的CO2、CH4和N2O累积排放量、总二氧化碳当量和增温潜势
Table 3 Cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O, total CO2 equivalent and global warming potential (GWP) in ponds of Micropterus salmoides culture in 90d experiment
时间Time CO2累积排放量
CO2 cumulative emission (kg/hm2)CH4累积排放量
CH4 cumulative emission (kg/hm2)N2O累积排放量
N2O cumulative emission (kg/hm2)7-29—
8-12840.7 2.99 0.20 8-12—
8-271101.2 7.13 0.18 8-27—
9-111138.2 9.25 0.68 9-11—
9-27911.4 6.17 0.65 9-27—
10-11633.0 2.56 0.99 10-11—
10-26630.3 3.94 1.98 监测期间累积排
放量5257.8 32.04 4.68 二氧化碳排放当量(kg/hm2) 5257.8 1089.4 1394.6 全球增温潜势GWP (kg/hm2) 7741.8 注: GWP以CO2当量计Note: GWP is measured in CO2 equivalent
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表 4 我国不同类型养殖塘的CO2、CH4、N2O通量比较
Table 4 Comparison of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in different types of ponds in China
养殖塘类型
Type of aquaculture pond位置
Location观测时间
ObservationCO2排放通量
CO2 emission flux [mg/(m2·h)]CH4排放通量
CH4 emission flux [mg/(m2·h)]N2O排放通量
N2O emission flux [mg/(m2·h)]参考文献
Reference大口黑鲈 湖北省大冶市 2023.7—2023.10 241.0 1.38 0.24 本研究 草鱼−对虾 福建闽江河口 2011.9—2012.2 21.0 3.15 0.02 [12] 南美白对虾 福建闽江河口 2011.9—2011.11 20.8 19.95 0.01 [31] 南美白对虾 福建闽江河口 2016.5—2017.3 18.0 / / [44] 草鱼−鲢 江苏省太湖地区 2016.3—2017.3 / 0.73 / [42] 中华绒螯蟹−无水草 江苏省太湖地区 2016.3—2017.3 / 0.61 / [42] 中华绒螯蟹−有水草 江苏省太湖地区 2016.3—2017.3 / 0.54 / [42] 凡纳滨对虾−硬壳蛤 山东省东营市 2021.5—2021.9 –12.7 / / [40] 水蕹菜−中华绒螯蟹 江苏省苏州市 2018.4—2018.11 / 2.12 0.38 [23] 水稻−中华绒螯蟹 江苏省苏州市 2018.4—2018.11 / 2.08 0.48 [23] 注: “/”表示文献中没有相关数据Note: “/” indicates no relevant data in the literature
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