小黄鱼、大黄鱼及其正反杂交种肌肉营养品质评价

ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULAR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY IN LARIMICHTHYS POLYACTIS, LARIMICHTHYS CROCEA, AND THEIR RECIPROCAL HYBRIDS

  • 摘要: 为评价小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)及其杂交种(正交F1和反交F1)肌肉品质, 采用生化分析和组织学方法对四个群体肌肉营养成分及组织结构进行了研究。结果显示, 四个黄鱼群体粗脂肪含量介于4.73%—5.37%, 属中脂鱼类; 正交F1 (16.88%)和反交F1 (16.93%)粗蛋白含量显著高于小黄鱼(16.13%)和大黄鱼(16.01%); 在四个黄鱼群体中共检测到17种氨基酸, 其中必需氨基酸(EAA, Essential Amino Acid)7种, 不同群体必需氨基酸指数(EAAI, Essential amino acid index)为106.69—110.42, 正交F1和反交F1中氨基酸总量(TAA, Total amino acid)、必需氨基酸总量(TEAA, Total essential amino acid)及呈味氨基酸总量(TDAA, Total delicious amino acid)均显著高于双亲; 共检测出22种脂肪酸, 四个黄鱼群体中DHA和EPA含量占多不饱和脂肪酸总量的46.77%—49.27%, 其中DHA含量在两种杂交黄鱼中显著高于双亲。4种常量元素(K、Na、Mg和Ca)在不同群体中含量丰富, 6种微量元素(Mn、Zn、Fe、Se、Cu和Cr)中Zn和Fe在两种杂交黄鱼中显著高于双亲。肌肉组织学结构显示, 正交F1和反交F1肌纤维密度显著低于大黄鱼而与小黄鱼无显著性差异, 正交F1肌纤维直径显著高于双亲。综上所述, 四个黄鱼群体肌肉营养成分丰富, 均具有较高营养价值, 同时, 两种杂交黄鱼在特定营养指标上获得了一定的杂种优势。研究结果阐述了杂交育种对肌肉品质的影响, 可为黄鱼肉质改良及新品种培育提供参考依据。

     

    Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the muscle nutritional quality of Larimichthys polyactis, Larimichthys crocea, and their reciprocal hybrids (L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂ LPC and L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂ LCP) by analyzing the biochemical composition and histological structure. The results revealed that the crude fat content of the four yellow croaker populations ranged from 4.73% to 5.37%, classifying them as medium-fat fish. The crude protein content of LPC (16.88%) and LCP (16.93%) exhibited a significant increase compared to both parental lines (16.13% and 16.01%). A total of 17 amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids (EAA), were identified in the four populations. The EAAI varied from 106.69 to 110.42 across different populations. TAA, TEAA, and TDAA levels in LPC and LCP were significantly higher compared to their parental populations. Among the 22 detected fatty acids, DHA and EPA constituted approximately 46.77% to 49.27% of the total PUFA content in all four populations, with significantly higher DHA content observed in both hybrid yellow croaker varieties compared to their parental counterparts. The populations exhibited abundant contents of 4 macroelements (K, Na, Mg, and Ca), while the hybrid yellow croaker species displayed significantly higher levels of Zn and Fe in 6 microelements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Se, Cu, and Cr) compared to their parents. The histological analysis revealed that the muscle fiber density of LPC and LCP was significantly lower compared to that of large yellow croaker, but showed no significant difference when compared to small yellow croaker. Additionally, the muscle fiber diameter of LPC was significantly higher than both parental species. In summary, the muscle nutrients of all four yellow croaker groups were abundant, exhibiting high nutritional value. Furthermore, certain heterosis in specific nutritional indexes was observed in the two hybrid yellow croaker species. These findings explicate the impact of crossbreeding on muscle quality and offer valuable insights for enhancing meat quality and developing new breeds of yellow croaker.

     

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