EX-SITU POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND KEY INFLUENCING FACTORS OF YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE IN THE XIJIANG OXBOW OF ANQING CITY
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摘要:
为掌握安庆西江长江江豚迁地群体分布格局、活动规律及关键影响因子, 研究综合主动及被动声学技术于2023年开展了覆盖4个季节的周年调查。被动声学调查结果显示, 西江长江江豚活动强度存在明显的时空特征。就不同区段而言, 利用固定式水下高频声音事件记录仪在西江上、中、下段分别记录到127297、56566和58115个长江江豚脉冲串, 表明长江江豚迁地群体在西江上段水域活动强度最高, 中段和下段水域差异不显著(P>0.05)。细分到各个季节, 冬季、春季和秋季均为在上段水域活动强度最高, 长江江豚脉冲串占比依次为55.64%、58.34%和57.15%; 夏季则为下段水域最高, 占比为56.05%; 冬季和秋季均为下段水域活动强度最低, 脉冲串占比依次为17.7%和18.7%; 春季和夏季均为中段活动强度最低, 脉冲串占比依次为17.6%和16.47%。就各季节活动强度而言, 冬季和秋季日均分别记录到3814和2840个长江江豚脉冲串, 春季和夏季日均分别记录到978和1099个脉冲串, 冬季活动强度显著大于春季、夏季和秋季(P<0.05)。主动声学调查结果显示, 秋季鱼类平均密度最高约为598尾/1000 m3; 春季则最低约为55尾/1000 m³, 夏季和秋季鱼类密度显著大于冬季和春季(P<0.05)。空间分析结果显示, 4个季节上段水域均有鱼类集群, 冬季和春季上段水域的鱼类平均密度最高, 夏季和秋季则为中段水域最高。上述研究表明, 西江长江江豚迁地群体对栖息地利用具有显著的时间和空间特征, 鱼类资源分布格局和最大水面宽度是影响长江江豚对西江栖息地利用的主要因子, 迁地群体最偏好整个周年均有鱼类集群的上段水域。研究分析了长江江豚在相对封闭的迁地水域时空分布特征, 可以为长江江豚迁地保护群体科学管护及迁地水域栖息地修复提供技术支持, 亦可为后续新建迁地保护水域提供参考依据。
Abstract:In order to deeply explore the distribution pattern, activity mode, and key influencing factors of the migrating finless porpoises in Xijiang Oxbow, Anqing City, we conducted an annual investigation covering 4seasons in 2023, comprehensively applying active and passive acoustic techniques. The results of the passive acoustic investigation showed that the activity intensity of finless porpoises in Xijiang Oxbow has significant spatiotemporal characteristics. Regarding different sections, using a fixd underwater high-frequency acoustic event recorder, 127297, 56566, and 58115 pulse trains of Yangtze finless porpoise were recorded in the upper, middle and lower sections of the Xijiang Oxbow by using fixed underwater high-frequency acoustic event recorders, indicating that the activity intensity of Yangtze finless porpoise translocation population was the highest in the upper section, and there was no significant difference between the middle and lower sections (P>0.05). Subdivided into each season, the activity intensity of winter, spring, and autumn was the highest in the upper waters, and the proportion of the pulse train of Yangtze finless porpoise was 55.64%, 58.34%, and 57.15%, respectively. In summer, the lower water area was the highest, accounting for 56.05%. In winter and autumn, the activity intensity in the upper water area was the lowest, and the proportion of pulse train was 17.7% and 18.7%, respectively. In spring and summer, the activity intensity in the middle water area was the lowest, and the proportion of pulse train was 17.6% and 16.47%, respectively. In terms of seasonal activity intensity, 3814 and 2840 pulse trains were recorded in winter and autumn, respectively, compared to 978 and 1099 pulse trains in spring and summer. This suggests that the activity intensity in winter was significantly higher than that in spring, summer, and autumn (P<0.05). The results of active acoustic survey showed that the average density of fish was approximately 598 ind /1000 m3 in autumn and 55 ind /1000 m³ in spring, with significantly higher densities in summer and autumn compared to that in winter and spring (P<0.05). The spatial analysis indicated that there were fish clusters in the upper waters across all seasons. The highest average fish density was observed in the upper waters of winter and spring, while that in the middle waters exhibited the highest density in summer and autumn. The above research demonstrate that the habitat utilization of the ex-situ finless porpoise populations in the Xijiang Oxbow has significant temporal and spatial characteristics. The distribution pattern of fish resources and the width of the water surface are the main factors affecting the difference of habitat utilization of the Yangtze River finless porpoise. The ex-situ populations prefer the upper water with fish clusters every year. This study provides valuable insights into the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of Yangtze finless porpoise in the relatively closed ex-situ waters, which can provide technical support for the scientific management and habitat restoration of translocated conservation groups. Additionally, it serves as a reference for the subsequent establishment of new ex-situ conservation waters in the future.
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Keywords:
- Anqing Xijiang Oxbow /
- Distribution pattern /
- Hydroacoustics /
- Fish stocks /
- Number of pulses trains
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图 2 T-tag提取的长江江豚脉冲串
SPL. 声压; TD. 时间差; PI. 脉冲间间隔
Figure 2. Pulse signal of Yangtze finless porpoise extracted by T-tag
SPL. Sound pressure; TD. Time difference; PI. Inter click interval
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图 4 西江水域长江江豚脉冲串记录数量
U. 上段河道 Upper section of river; M. 中段河道 Middle section of river; L. 下段河道 Lower section of river
Figure 4. Recorded number of Yangtze finless porpoise pulse trains records in Xijiang Oxbow
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图 5 西江长江江豚分布与体长小于20 cm鱼类平均密度关系
Figure 5. Relationship between the distribution of finless porpoises in the Xijiang Oxbow and the average density of fish with a body length of less than 20 cm
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图 6 各季节西江鱼类和长江江豚分布格局
a—d. 冬季、春季、夏季、秋季鱼类分布格局; e—h. 冬季、春季、夏季、秋季长江江豚分布格局
Figure 6. Distribution pattern of fish and Yangtze finless porpoise in the Xijiang Oxbow in each season
a—d. Pattern of fish distribution in winter, spring, summer, and autumn; e—h. Distribution patterns of the Yangtze River finless porpoises in winter, spring, summer, and autumn
表 1 西江生境参数
Table 1 Habitat parameters of Xijiang Oxbow
季节Season 冬Winter 春Spring 夏Summer 秋Autumn F P 水段River section U M L U M L U M L U M L 最大水面宽度
Max width of the water surface (m)326 437 300 343 454 290 437 510 445 449 472 399 45.191 0.000*** 平均水面宽度
Mean width of the water surface (m)307 421 252 318 432 265 352 471 318 330 438 299 3.592 0.071* 水温Temperature (℃) 8.4 8.27 8.28 19.52 19.33 19.77 33.95 31.67 31.78 26.63 26.3 26.28 0.000 1.000 水深Depth (m) 4 4 6 5 5 7 5 5 7 5 5 7 13.271 0.002*** 河道弯曲率River bend rate 1.07 1.11 1.34 1.07 1.11 1.34 1.07 1.11 1.34 1.07 1.11 1.34 0.000 0.000*** 注: U. 上段河道 Upper section of river; M. 中段河道 Middle section of river; L. 下段河道 Lower section of river; 下同The same applies below 
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表 2 各段记录脉冲串数量
Table 2 T-tag records the number of pulse trains
季节
Season调查时间段
Investigation
period调查天数
Investigation
day河段
River
section脉冲串
总数量
Total
number
of pulse
train脉冲串
数量
Number of
pulse
trains (d)冬Winter 2023.1.7—
2023.2.427 U 57302 2122 M 27451 1017 L 18233 675 春Spring 2023.4.12—
2023.5.2230 U 17111 570 M 5159 172 L 7057 235 夏Summer 2023.7.9—
2023.8.1530 U 9054 302 M 5434 181 L 18487 616 秋Autumn 2023.9.22—
2023.10.1927 U 43830 1623 M 18522 686 L 14338 531
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表 3 目视考察观测到的长江江豚群次、数量、最大群体
Table 3 Visual inspection of the observrd population, quantity, and the maximum population of Yangtze finless porpoises
考察季节
Season考察日期
Data长江江豚
群次
Number of
groups
observed目击率
Encounter rate
(群次/km)长江江豚
数量
Number of
porpoises
observed最大群体
The maximum
grop size春Spring 2023—
05—1712 1.33 25 4 秋Autumn 2023—
09—017 0.78 7 1
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附表 S1 西江鱼类资源调查渔获物结果Appendix 1 Fishery resource survey and catch results in Xijiang Oxbow
目Order 科Famliy 种类Species 数量Number 冬季Winter 春季Spring 夏季Summer 秋季Spring 上段 中段 下段 上段 中段 下段 上段 中段 下段 上段 中段 下段 鲱形目Clupeiformes 鳀科Engraulidae 短颌鲚Coilia brachygnathus 1 1 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus 1 1 1 2 8 23 60 77 42 19 16 166 似鳊Pseudobrama simoni 1 NA NA 67 67 102 11 4 5 1 1 1 棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis 1 1 23 NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA 光唇蛇鮈Saurogobio gymnocheilus 1 NA NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA 蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi 3 4 2 8 13 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA 鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix NA NA 2 10 58 180 192 319 75 19 7 20 兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis NA NA 1 NA NA NA 15 17 4 NA 2 1 贝氏䱗Hemiculter bleekeri NA NA NA 154 146 382 10 1 NA NA NA NA 达氏鲌Culter dabryi NA NA NA NA 11 27 39 24 35 16 9 13 花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus NA NA NA 12 34 31 36 5 11 13 49 57 镇江片唇鮈Platysmacheilus zhenjiangensis NA NA NA 4 10 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA 䱗Hemiculter leucisculus NA NA NA 5 14 2 NA NA 2 NA NA NA 草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus NA NA NA NA NA 7 5 1 7 3 1 鳡Elopichthys bambusa NA NA NA 3 1 4 2 3 5 1 NA 4 鲤Cyprinus carpio NA NA NA 1 1 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA 麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva NA NA NA 1 1 2 1 1 9 9 3 3 飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis NA NA NA 1 3 1 NA NA NA 3 2 7 团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala NA NA NA 4 NA 2 4 1 3 3 NA 4 细鳞鲴Xenocypris microlepis NA NA NA 15 11 57 15 3 4 7 2 39 银鲴Xenocypris argentea NA NA NA 2 8 4 1 1 NA 2 1 NA 鳙Aristichthys nobilis NA NA NA 6 2 34 89 7 52 NA 3 14 圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris NA NA NA 1 2 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 鲂Megalobrama mantschuricus NA NA NA NA 2 1 9 5 1 1 NA NA 鲫Carassius auratus NA NA NA NA 1 1 NA NA 1 3 1 NA 银鮈Squalidus argentatus NA NA NA NA 3 NA 2 NA 3 NA 7 4 鳊Parabramis pekinensis NA NA NA NA 2 3 3 2 3 NA NA 4 黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis NA NA NA NA 1 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA 拟尖头鲌Culter oxycephaloides NA NA NA 1 8 10 NA NA 3 NA NA NA 鳤Ochetobius elongatus NA NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA 1 NA NA NA 青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus NA NA NA NA 2 2 5 2 2 NA NA 3 红鳍原鲌Cultrichthys erythropterus NA NA NA NA 1 1 NA NA NA 9 3 11 赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 NA 2 1 NA NA 中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis NA NA NA NA NA NA 15 21 23 NA NA NA 寡鳞飘鱼Pseudolaubuca engraulis NA NA NA NA NA NA 9 4 13 NA NA NA 点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 1 1 大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus NA NA NA 3 2 1 NA NA NA 18 5 4 黄尾鲴Xenocypris davidi NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 亚口鱼科Catostomidae 胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticus NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA 4 NA 虾虎鱼目Gobiiformes 虾虎鱼科Gobiidae 子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus NA 1 2 2 15 32 65 46 23 16 20 41 合鳃鱼目Synbranchiformes 刺鳅科Mastacembelidae 中华刺鳅Sinobdella sinensis NA NA NA 1 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA 鲈形目Perciformes 鮨科Serranidae 斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 鳜Siniperca chuatsi NA NA 1 NA 6 4 1 NA 2 NA NA NA 鳢科Channidae 乌鳢Channa argus NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA 1 鲿科Bagridae 黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 长须黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus eupogon NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA 粗唇鮠Leiocassis crassilabris NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 注: NA表示此次调查未采集到
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表 4 鱼类资源声学调查结果
Table 4 Acoustic survey of fish resources
季节Season 冬Winter 春Spring 夏Summer 秋Autumn F P 最大密度(尾/1000 m3)
Maximum value (ind./1000 m3)733.7 230.98 743.8 978.13 最小密度(尾/1000 m3)
Minimum value (ind./1000 m3)3.21 3.96 3.12 128.46 平均密度(尾/1000 m3)
Mean density (ind./1000 m3) (mean±SE)64.82±13.00 54.59±13.83 138.59±29.09 597.94±60.05 67.84 0.000***
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表 5 参数估计表
Table 5 Parameter estimation table
参数
Parameter系数
Coefficient标准差SD Wald P 95%置信区间下界
Lower bound of 95% confidence interval95%置信区间上界
Upper 95% confidence interval截距Intercept 5139.48 3895.16 1.74 0.19 –2494.88 12773.85 最大河道宽度
Max River width (m)10.01 4.87 4.22 0.04** 0.46 19.56 平均河道宽度
Mean River width (m)25.66 19.16 1.79 0.18 –63.22 11.90 温度Temperature (℃) –7.12 42.94 0.03 0.87 –91.28 77.04 水深Depth –772.50 401.81 3.70 0.05 –1560.04 15.04 河道弯曲率B 5182.52 3709.04 1.96 0.16 –2087.07 12452.11
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