饲料质量对丰鲤和奥尼罗非鱼氮及能量收支的影响
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NITROGEN BUDGET AND ENERGY BUDGET OF HYBRID CARP AND HYBRID TILAPIA FED DIETS WITH DIFFERENT QULITIES
-
摘要: 实验比较了丰鲤与奥尼罗非鱼摄食低质和高质两种等能饲料时的氮收支和能量收支.低质饲料的蛋白质含量为34.25%、蛋白质主要来源为豆粕,高质饲料的蛋白质含量为45.44%、蛋白质主要来源为鱼粉.53d的生长结果显示:摄食低质饲料时,奥尼罗非鱼通过降低排泄氮、排泄能和代谢能的比例,使生长氮和生长能的比例显著高于丰鲤,摄食高质饲料时,则通过降低粪氮和粪能的比例取得快速生长的效果;丰鲤生长氮和生长能比例不受饲料质量的显著影响,但高质饲料使排泄氮和代谢能比例显著降低;奥尼罗非鱼的氮收支不受饲料质量的显著影响,但高质饲料使生长能和排泄能的比例显著增高,代谢能的比例显著降低.结果表明,在两种饲料条件下,丰鲤利用氮和能量的能力显著低于奥尼罗非鱼.Abstract: A 53-day growth trial was conducted to investigate nitrogen budget and energy budget of hybrid carp (Cyprinus carpio var.♀×C.carpio var.♂)and hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus♀×O.aureus♂)fed diets with different quality.Low quality diet (LQ diet ) and high quality diet (HQ diet)were tested.LQ diet contained 34.25%dietary protein which is mainly from soybean meal while HQ diet contained 45.44% dietary protein which is mainly from fish meal.The initial average body weight of fishes was from 3.13g to 3.87g.The trial was carried out in a system consisting of 12 self-circulation tanks (volume:150 L).During the experiment, dechlorinated tap water was added into each tank at the rate of approximate 1500mL/min.Dissolved oxygen was maintained above 5.76mg/L,ammonia below 0.098mg/L and the natural temperature 24.2-28.5℃.The light is sunshine light. At the beginning of the experiment,the fish were deprived of food for one day, and 25 hybrid carp of hybrid tilapia were randomly selected, batch-weighed and allocated into each tank.Three tanks were assigned randomly to each combination of fish strain and diet.During the experiment, the fish were fed to satiation twice a day (at 9:00 and 15:00),and uneaten feed was collected 1h after feeding and dried.Feces were collected twice a day (at 11:00 and 16:45)from the bottoms of tanks and dried at 70℃. The effects of diet and fish strain were analyzed ty two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Multiple comparisons (Duncan’s procedure)were used to evaluate the significance of strains or diets. The results showed that,the nitrogen budget and energy budget were significantly affected by both diet and fish strain. When fed LQ diet,the proportion of nitrogen and energy of food deposited in growth in hybrid tilapia was higher than that in hybrid carp,while the proportion of excretive nitrogen and excretive energy and metabolism energy in hybrid tilapia was lower than that in hybrid carp. When fed HQ diet,the proportion of growth nitrogen and growth energy in hybrid tilapia was higher than that in hybrid carp, while hybrid tilapia had lower proportion of fecal nitrogen and fecal energy than hybrid carp. In hybrid carp,proportion of growth nitrogen and growth energy were not affected by diet quality while HQ diet resulted in lower excretive nitrogen and metabolism energy than LQ diet.Diet quality did not affect nitrogen budget in hybrid tilapia while HQ diet resulted in higher growth energy and excretion energy and lower metabolism energy than LQ diet. In conclusion,compared to hybrid tilapia,hybrid carp showed poorer utilization of nitrogen and energy when fed two diets with different quality.
-
Keywords:
- Hybrid carp /
- Hybrid tilapia /
- Nitrogen budget /
- Energy budget /
- Diet quality
-
-
[1] Editorial Board of Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica.The applying of freshwater hybrid carp (mirror splittered carp♂×Xingguo red carp♀)in cultivation [J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1977,6(2):147-161[水生生物学集刊编辑部等.淡水鱼类养殖新对象散鳞镜鲤(♂)×兴国红鲤(♀)杂交一代(简称杂交鲤)在生产上的应用.水生生物学集刊,1977,6(2):147-161][2] Chen Y L,Zhu X P,Liu Y H,等.Hybridization and parental selection of Oreochromis aumeus and O.niloticus [J].Zhujiang Fisheries,1999,(2):1-8.[陈永乐,朱新平,刘毅辉,等.奥利亚和尼罗非鱼的杂交应用及亲本选育.珠江水产.1999,(2)1-8][3] Xie S Q.Supplementary feeding for cage-cultured tilapia:a bioenergetics modeling approach [D].The Chinese Academy of Science,1997.[解绶启.网箱养殖罗非鱼补充营养的能量学模型估算.中国科学院水生生物研究所.1997][4] Zhou Z J.Growth and energetic characteristics in genetically modified gibel carp and common carp [D].Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Science,1999.[邹中菊.细胞工程改良鲤鲫品系生长及能量学特征评价.中国科学院水生生物研究所.1999][5] Wang Y.Bioenergetics of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ×O.aumeus) reared in seawater, in relation to compensatory growth [J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(3):234-239.[王岩.海水养殖罗非鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制.海洋与湖沼.2001,32(3):234-239][6] Zou M.The effects of exogenouis and endogenous factors on several aquaculture fishes:comparative energetics approach [D].Institute of Hydrobiology,The Chinese Academy of Science,2001.[周萌.外源因子及内源因子对几种养殖鱼类生长影响的比较能量学研究.中国科学院水生生物研究所.2001][7] Bolin, D W,King R P,Klosterman E W.A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide (Cr2O3)when used as an index substance [J].Science,1952,116:634-635[8] Cui Y B.Bioenergetics of fishes:theory and methods [J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1989,13:369-383.[崔奕波,鱼类生物能量学的理论与方法.水生生物学报.1989,13:369-383][9] Cui Y,Wang S,Lin X,Chen S.Nitrogen budgets of young grass carp fed on plant or animal diets [J].Progress in Natural Science,1991,1:466-469[10] Carter C G,Brafield A E.The bioenergetics of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella:the influence of body weight,ration and dietary composition on nitrogenous excretion [J].J Fish Bio,1993,41:533-543[11] Robaina L,Moyano F J,Izquierdo M S,et al.Corn gluten meal and meat and bone meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata:nutritional and histological implications [J].Aquaculture,1997,157:347-359[12] Beamish F W H,Thomas E.Effects of dietary protein and lipid on nitrogen losses in rainbow trout [J].Aquaculture,1984,41;449-451[13] Li J,Xu S H,Xue Y P.Effect of ration levels on nitrogen budget in juvenile black porgy(Sparus macrocephalus) [J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1998,29(4):368-373.[李军、徐世宏、薛玉平.日粮水平对黑鲷幼鱼氮收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,1998,29(4):368-373][14] Sun Y,Zhang B,Guo X W,et al.Effect of food species on energy budget of Pneumatophorus japonicus [J].Marine Fisheries Research,1999,20(2):96-100.[孙耀、张波、郭学武等.鲐鱼能量收支及其饵料种类的影响.海洋水产研究,1999,20(2);96-100][15] Sun Y,Zhang B,Tang Q S.Effects of ration level and food species on energy budget of Sabastodes fuscescens [J].Marine Fisheries Research,2001,22(2):32-37.[孙耀、张波、唐启升.摄食水平和饵料种类对黑NB048能量收支的影响.海洋水产研究,2001, 22(2):32-37][16] Rychly J.Nitrogen balance in trout II.nitrogen excretion and retention after feeding diets with varying protein and carbonhydrate levels.Aquaculture,1980,20:343-350[17] Pandian T J,Vivekanandan E.Fish Energetics,New Perspectives,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1985,99-124[18] Xian W W,Zu X H.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the mullet Liza haematocheila(T.ES S.) [J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(6):615-619.[线薇薇、朱鑫华.摄食水平对梭鱼生长和能量收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,2001, 32(6):615-619][19] Yang Y O,Cui Y B,Xiong B X,et al.comparative studies on nitrogen Budget and energy budget of Jian carp and gibel carp fed diets with different Qualities [J].Acta Hydrobiol.sin.2003,27(6):572-579.[杨影欧,崔奕波,熊邦喜,等.建鲤和异育银鲫摄食不同质量饲料时的氮收支和能量收支比较.水生生物学报,2003, 27(6):572-579][20] Cui Y,Wootton R J.The metabolic rate of the minnow,Phoxinus phoxinus(L.)(Pisces:Cyprinidae),in relation to ration,body size and temperature [J].Funct.Ecol.,1998,2:157-162[21] Cui Y, Liu J.Comparison of energy budget among six teleosts-Ⅲ.Growth rate and energy budget [J].Comparative Biochemistry and physiology,1990,97A:381-384 Editorial Board of Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica.The applying of freshwater hybrid carp (mirror splittered carp♂×Xingguo red carp♀)in cultivation [J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1977,6(2):147-161[水生生物学集刊编辑部等.淡水鱼类养殖新对象散鳞镜鲤(♂)×兴国红鲤(♀)杂交一代(简称杂交鲤)在生产上的应用.水生生物学集刊,1977,6(2):147-161][2] Chen Y L,Zhu X P,Liu Y H,等.Hybridization and parental selection of Oreochromis aumeus and O.niloticus [J].Zhujiang Fisheries,1999,(2):1-8.[陈永乐,朱新平,刘毅辉,等.奥利亚和尼罗非鱼的杂交应用及亲本选育.珠江水产.1999,(2)1-8][3] Xie S Q.Supplementary feeding for cage-cultured tilapia:a bioenergetics modeling approach [D].The Chinese Academy of Science,1997.[解绶启.网箱养殖罗非鱼补充营养的能量学模型估算.中国科学院水生生物研究所.1997][4] Zhou Z J.Growth and energetic characteristics in genetically modified gibel carp and common carp [D].Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Science,1999.[邹中菊.细胞工程改良鲤鲫品系生长及能量学特征评价.中国科学院水生生物研究所.1999][5] Wang Y.Bioenergetics of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ×O.aumeus) reared in seawater, in relation to compensatory growth [J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(3):234-239.[王岩.海水养殖罗非鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制.海洋与湖沼.2001,32(3):234-239][6] Zou M.The effects of exogenouis and endogenous factors on several aquaculture fishes:comparative energetics approach [D].Institute of Hydrobiology,The Chinese Academy of Science,2001.[周萌.外源因子及内源因子对几种养殖鱼类生长影响的比较能量学研究.中国科学院水生生物研究所.2001][7] Bolin, D W,King R P,Klosterman E W.A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide (Cr2O3)when used as an index substance [J].Science,1952,116:634-635[8] Cui Y B.Bioenergetics of fishes:theory and methods [J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1989,13:369-383.[崔奕波,鱼类生物能量学的理论与方法.水生生物学报.1989,13:369-383][9] Cui Y,Wang S,Lin X,Chen S.Nitrogen budgets of young grass carp fed on plant or animal diets [J].Progress in Natural Science,1991,1:466-469[10] Carter C G,Brafield A E.The bioenergetics of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella:the influence of body weight,ration and dietary composition on nitrogenous excretion [J].J Fish Bio,1993,41:533-543[11] Robaina L,Moyano F J,Izquierdo M S,et al.Corn gluten meal and meat and bone meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata:nutritional and histological implications [J].Aquaculture,1997,157:347-359[12] Beamish F W H,Thomas E.Effects of dietary protein and lipid on nitrogen losses in rainbow trout [J].Aquaculture,1984,41;449-451[13] Li J,Xu S H,Xue Y P.Effect of ration levels on nitrogen budget in juvenile black porgy(Sparus macrocephalus) [J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1998,29(4):368-373.[李军、徐世宏、薛玉平.日粮水平对黑鲷幼鱼氮收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,1998,29(4):368-373][14] Sun Y,Zhang B,Guo X W,et al.Effect of food species on energy budget of Pneumatophorus japonicus [J].Marine Fisheries Research,1999,20(2):96-100.[孙耀、张波、郭学武等.鲐鱼能量收支及其饵料种类的影响.海洋水产研究,1999,20(2);96-100][15] Sun Y,Zhang B,Tang Q S.Effects of ration level and food species on energy budget of Sabastodes fuscescens [J].Marine Fisheries Research,2001,22(2):32-37.[孙耀、张波、唐启升.摄食水平和饵料种类对黑NB048能量收支的影响.海洋水产研究,2001, 22(2):32-37][16] Rychly J.Nitrogen balance in trout II.nitrogen excretion and retention after feeding diets with varying protein and carbonhydrate levels.Aquaculture,1980,20:343-350[17] Pandian T J,Vivekanandan E.Fish Energetics,New Perspectives,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1985,99-124[18] Xian W W,Zu X H.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the mullet Liza haematocheila(T.ES S.) [J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(6):615-619.[线薇薇、朱鑫华.摄食水平对梭鱼生长和能量收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,2001, 32(6):615-619][19] Yang Y O,Cui Y B,Xiong B X,et al.comparative studies on nitrogen Budget and energy budget of Jian carp and gibel carp fed diets with different Qualities [J].Acta Hydrobiol.sin.2003,27(6):572-579.[杨影欧,崔奕波,熊邦喜,等.建鲤和异育银鲫摄食不同质量饲料时的氮收支和能量收支比较.水生生物学报,2003, 27(6):572-579][20] Cui Y,Wootton R J.The metabolic rate of the minnow,Phoxinus phoxinus(L.)(Pisces:Cyprinidae),in relation to ration,body size and temperature [J].Funct.Ecol.,1998,2:157-162[21] Cui Y, Liu J.Comparison of energy budget among six teleosts-Ⅲ.Growth rate and energy budget [J].Comparative Biochemistry and physiology,1990,97A:381-384
计量
- 文章访问数: 848
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 451
下载: