体色异常褐牙鲆皮肤色素及鳞片发育的形态学研究
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MELANOPHORES AND SCALES IN MALPIGMENTED PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS
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摘要: 本文观察比较了体色正常及体色异常褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)皮肤中黑色素胞和鳞片的发生及演变过程.结果显示仔鱼鱼体两侧皮肤中最先出现星状幼体型黑色素胞,随着变态发育,有眼侧皮肤中成体型黑色素胞逐渐替代幼体型黑色素胞;而无眼侧皮肤中,幼体型黑色素胞逐渐退化崩解,成体型黑色素胞不出现,无眼侧皮肤逐渐失去色素变为白色.体色异常现象出现于变态后期,白化和黑化现象几乎同时发生.白化个体有眼侧皮肤中成体型黑色素胞不能正常替代幼体型黑色素胞,逐渐失去色素形成白色斑块.黑化个体无眼侧皮肤中成体型黑色素胞则非正常地出现,逐渐替代幼体黑色素胞形成黑斑.约30日龄变态完成时,体色异常现象已经显著,已能明显区分体色正常和异常个体.60日龄左右,幼鱼皮肤开始长出形态较为原始的圆鳞.体色正常个体有眼侧皮肤上的圆鳞会逐渐发育成栉鳞,无眼侧则维持圆鳞.对比分析体色异常个体的鳞片形态,发现有眼侧白化部位的鳞片仍为圆鳞,而无眼侧黑化部位的鳞片则发育为栉鳞.同时,通过对体色正在恢复中的白化牙鲆的鳞片观察表明,伴随着白化部位色素的恢复,该部位的圆鳞会逐渐转变为栉鳞.由此推断色素的发生与鳞片的发育密切相关.Abstract: In this study,integrated morphological observations were carried out on the occurrence and development of melanophores and scales in hatchery-reared normal and malpigmented Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The results showed that starry larval melanophores occurred first on the skin of both sides of larvae.With the process of metamorphosis,on the ocular side(left side),adult melanophores occurred and replaced larval melanophores gradually,while on the blind side (right side),larval melanophores degenerated and no adult melanophores appeared.The blind side lost pigment gradually and became white in the end.Malpigmentation occurred at the post-metamorphosis stage.Albinism and ambicoloration formed almost at the same time.Due to unsuccessful replacement of adult melanophores by larval melanophores,the skin in ocular side of fish body lost pigment and formed white irregular patches.Albinism occurred.On the other hand,adult melanophores developed abnormally and replaced the larval melanophores and eventually formed dark patches on the blind side.It was called ambicoloration.At 30 days old,the malpigmentation became evident at the completion of metamorphosis.At about 60 days old,original cycloid scales occurred on both sides of larval bodies.The cycloid scales developed into ctenoid scales on the normal ocular side while remained original status on the normal blind side.Contrast to malpigmented individuals,it was observed that the albino ocular side was still covered by cycloid scales,but the cycloid scales developed into ctenoid scales on the ambicolored blind side.Furthermore,observations of the scales on different postions of recovering albino fish showed the development of scales from immature cycloid scales to mature ctenoid scales following the recovery of pigmentation.It is suggested that a close relationship existed between the occurrence of pigmentation and development of scales in Japanese flounder.
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Keywords:
- Paralichthys olivaceus /
- Malpigmentation /
- Melanophore /
- Scale /
- Development
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