车轮虫齿体特征的量化及其种内种间系统发育的研究
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRICHODINA DENTICLATING CHARACTERS AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP STUDIES ON INTERSPECIES AND INTRASPECIES
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摘要: 齿体特征是车轮虫物种鉴定的一个重要依据.本文首次提出一种齿体结构面积比例量化法,即通过对齿钩、齿锥、齿棘、齿体环各部分反口面观面积的测量,分别计算出前三者与所在齿体的面积比以及所有齿体总面积与齿体环的面积比,从而将齿体特征转换为量化指标.依据所测量化值,采用相似性聚类法,我们首先探讨了显著车轮虫(Trichodina nobbillis Chen,163)的三个种群的亲缘关系,然后以劳牧小车轮虫(Trichodinella lomi Xu,Song & Warren, 1)为外类群,选择显著车轮虫(Trichodina nobillis Chen,163)、异齿车轮虫(Trichodina heterodentata Duncan,177)、杜氏车轮虫(Trichodina dormergui Wallengren,187)和Trichodina fahaka(Khaled A.S.Al-Rasheid,2000)为研究对象,对车轮虫种间亲缘关系进行了分析.结果表明,Pdr值可以有效地表现种群间的差异;同时还发现齿棘面积比例较高的杜氏车轮虫和异齿车轮虫进化较晚,而齿棘面积比例较低的显著车轮虫进化较早,并得出了齿棘越发达,车轮虫越进化这一结论,支持了徐奎栋等所提出的游走亚目六种基本齿型的进化顺序.这种量化研究方法不但可对车轮虫齿体的各部分结构以及它们之间的相互关系进行定量描述,而且还可以这些数据为基础对车轮虫种群间及物种间亲缘关系进行研究.Abstract: Since Ehrenberg(1838)firstly reported Tricodina pediculus,there were two milestones in the research work on trichodinids. The first was the widespread acceptance of the uniform specific characteristics proposed by Lom(1958),which resulted in a standardization of the taxonomy of trichodinids. The second was the appliance of guidelines for elucidating the shape of denticles advanced by Van As Basson(1989),which can also be used to re evaluate previous work on trichodinids and especially to distinguish denticles between closely related species. As an important diagnosis marker,denticlating character has been widely used in species identification of the trichodine ciliates. In this paper,we firstly introduced a quantitative method of area percentage to describe denticlating. Quantitative description was achieved by measuring the percentages of the respective area of blade,central part and thorn to the denticle’s and the total area of denticles to the denticlating ring’s from aboral view. Basing on these quntitative values,first,we discussed the phylogenetic relationship of intraspecies of Trichodina nobillis from three populations; then we selected Trichodinella lomi as an outer group,and tentatively performed fuzzy clustering analysis on Trichodina nobillis, Trichodina heterodentata, Trichodina dormergui, and Trichodina fahaka, and studied the phylogenetic relationship of intraspecies among the four trichodinids. The results revealed the Pdr(Percentage of the area of denticles to the denticlating ring’s) showed distinct diference in interspecies, and we also found Trichodina heterodentata and Trichodina dormergui with higher Ptd(Percentage of thorn area to dentice’s) formed a sister group, and evolved lately, but Trichodina nobillis with lower Ptd evolved more early relatively. So, we concluded that the higher the Ptd was, the more lately Trichodina evolved. The conclusion approved the theory of evolutionary order of 6 types of denticles of Mobilina that Kuidong Xu et al. had put forward. It may not only describe quantitatively the structure of the three parts of the denticle and their interrelation, but also provide a method for the research of Trichodina phylogeny by this quantitative mean.