中国淡水与土壤有壳肉足虫最新分类名录及其区系分析
A TAXONOMIC CATALOGUE OF FRESHWATER AND SOIL TESTACEA IN CHINA WITH A DISCUSSION OF THEIR FAUNAL SIMILARITY
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摘要: 在回顾中国淡水与土壤有壳肉足虫研究历史的基础上,根据最新分类系统修订了已报道淡水与土壤有壳肉足虫的分类,共计3纲3目20科3属244种(包括52亚种).其中淡水种类37属233种及亚种,土壤种类1属64种及亚种,淡水与土壤共有17属53种及亚种.首次对中国淡水有壳肉足虫进行区系分析,用Jaccard共同系数分析西藏、贵州梵净山、湖南索溪峪、湖北东湖、江苏南京等5个地区的淡水有壳肉足虫区系相似性,区系相似性系数在0-0.25或0.25-0.5范围内,表明各地区间的区系为极不相似或中等不相似.采用模糊等价矩阵聚类法分析5个地区间的区系远近关系,结果表明其他4个地区与西藏的相似程度和地区间距离呈反比:西藏-贵州梵净山(0.35)>西藏-湖南索溪峪(0.324)>西藏-湖北东湖(0.22)>西藏-江苏南京(0.094).Abstract: The Testacea or testate amoeba comprises those amoeboid protozoas which are enveloped by a shell,within which the body can be completely withdrawn.sub Testacea belong to Kingdom Protozoa:Phylum Sarcomastigophora:Subphylum Sarcodina:Superclass Rhizopoda, including part of the Class Lobosea,Class Filosea and Class Granuloreticulosea.Ever since the 1920s,the collecting and studying of Testacea have been carried out in Nanjing,China by Chia Chi Wang.Subsequently,research areas were expanded to Beijing,Hubei,Tibetan Plateau,et al.Many papers and monographs were published in which 26 new species and subspecies belonging to 10 genera have been described.However,for many taxa,we knew nothing except the fact of their existence.It demands a great deal of further work in this field.The authors have listed all the species or genera of freshwater and soil Testacea reported in China.Removed some synonyms,244 taxa were presented.According to the current classification system,there were 244 species and subspecies belonging to 38 genera and 20 families.While 233 species and subspecies belonging to 37 genera were freshwater Testacea, 64 species and subspecies belonging to 18 genera were soil Testacea.This catalogue is the most comprehensive in China, therefore it will help to further advances in the researching of Testacea.Besides, in order to understand the biogeography of these organisms, the faunal similarity of freshwater Testacea in five areas(Xizang; Fanjingshan, Guizhou; Suoxiyu, Hunan; Lake Donghu, Hubei; Nanjing, Jiangsu) were analyzed using Jacard’s coefficent of similarity.The similarity value arranged in order of size between any two areas were 0.358 (Xizang-Fanjingshan) > 0.324 (Fanjingshan-Suoxiyu) > 0.282 (Xizang-Suoxiyu) > 0.228 (Fanjingshan-Donghu) > 0.194 (Suoxiyu-Donghu) > 0.140 (Xizang-Donghu)>0.094(Donghu-Nanjing)>0.091(Suoxiyu-Nanjing)>0.090 (Xizang-Nanjing) > 0.081 (Fanjingshan-Nanjing).The results, in the range of 0.081 to 0.358, suggested significant or medium difference in the faunal similarity between any two areas.Based on Jacard’s coefficent of similarity, a fuzzy matrix cluster analysis was performed.Data from the cluster analysis showed that the similarity relationships between Xizang and other four areas were Xizang-Fanjingshan (0.358) > Xizang-Suoxiyu (0.324) > Xizang-Lake Donghu (0.228) >Xizang-Nanjing (0.094).The similarity values showed obviously negative correlation with the field distance.But the topography and climatology need to be considered to reasonably explain the geographical distribution of the freshwater Testacea in five areas.
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Keywords:
- Rhizopoda /
- Testacea /
- China /
- Catalogue /
- Faunal similarity
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Press,1990:381-398[沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1990:381-398][2] Shen Y F.Protozoology [M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:231-293[沈韫芬.原生动物学.北京:科学出版社,1999:231-293][3] Lee J J,Hutner,S H,Bovee E C.An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa[M].Lawrence,KS,USA:Allen Press,1985,158-252[4] Lee J J, Leedale G F,Bradbury P.The illustrated Guide to the protozoa(2nd Ed)[M].Lawrence KS USA:Allen Press,2000:827-860;1054-1986[5] Wanner M A.review on the variability of testate amoebae:methodological approaches,environmental influences and taxonomical implication[J].Acts Protozool.,1999,38:15-29[6] Charman D J.Biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental applications of testate amoebae[J].Quaternary Science Riviews,2001,20: 1753-1764[7] Foissner W.Soil protozoa:fundamental problems,ecological significance,adaptations in ciliates and testaceans,biindicators,and guide to the literature[J].Progress in Protistology,1987,2:70-212[8] Wang C C.Study of the protozoa of Nanking,Part I[J].Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, 1925, 1(3):1-60[9] Cui Z D.A preliminary study on soil protozoas in forest ecosystems on Northern slope of Changbai Mountain[J].Research of Forest Ecosystem,1983,3:144-153[崔振东.长白山森林生态系统土壤原生动物初步研究.森林生态系统研究,1983,3:144-153][10] Tai L S.Notes on freshwater protozoa of Peiping[J].Science Reports of the National Tsinghua University.(Peiping Series B),1931,1:1-60[11] Wang C C,Nie D S.Studies of Sarcodina of Nanking,I [J].Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China,1933,9(10):341-387[12] Wang C C.Protozoa from Qomolangma Feng (Mount Jolmo Langma) Area.The Scientific Reports of the Comprehensive Scientific Expendition of the Qomolangma Feng Area (1966-1968),Biology and Alpine Physiology[M],Beijing:Science Press,1974,145-172[王家楫.珠穆朗玛峰地区科学考察(1966-1968)生物与高山生理--珠穆朗玛峰地区的原生动物.北京:科学出版社.1974,145-1721][13] Shen Y F,Gu M R.Ecological studying of the protozoa in Lake Donghu,Wuchang[J].Acta Hydrobiologia Sinica, 1965,5(2): 146-181[沈韫芬,顾曼如.武昌东湖原生动物生态初步研究.水生生物学集刊,1965,5(2): 146-181][14] Shen Y F.Ecological studies on the periphytic protozoa in Lake Donghu,Wuhan[J].Acta Hydrobiologia Sinica,1980,7(1):19-40[沈韫芬.武汉东湖周丛原生动物生态.水生生物学集刊,1980,7(1):19-40][15] Wang C C,Shen Y F,Gong X J.Illustrated microzoologial fauna in biological wasterwater treatment [M].Beijing:China Architechture and Building Presss,1974,63-70[王家楫,沈韫芬,龚循矩.废水生物处理微型动物图志,北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1974,63-70][16] Wang C C.Protozoa from some districts of Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,1977,23(2):131-160[王家楫.西藏高原部分地区的原生动物.动物学报,1977,23(2):131-160][17] Shen Y F.Descriptions of new species and two new subspecies of Sarcodina of the Xizang Plateau[J].Oceanologia et Limnolgia Sinca,1981,12(4):159-361[沈韫芬.西藏原生动物肉足虫一新种和两新亚种的描述.海洋与湖沼,1981,12(4):159-361][18] Jiang X Z,Shen Y F,Gong X J.Aquatic invertebrates of the tibetan plateau[M].Beijing:Science Press,1983:48-100[蒋燮治,沈韫芬,龚循矩.西藏水生无脊椎动物,北京:科学出版社.1983,48-100][19] Li S H.Hydrobiont in Wulingyuan nature preserve area of Human Province.Beijing:Science Press,1989:78-87[黎尚豪.湖南武陵源自然保护区水生生物.北京:科学出版社.1989,78-87][20] Gong X J,Shen Y F.The new species of protozoa from the Suoxiyu Nature Preserve Area[C].Li S H.Hydrobiont in Wulingyuan Nature Preserve Area of Hunan Province.Beijing:Science Press,1989: 96-114[龚循矩,沈韫芬.索溪峪原生动物的新种和新记录.黎尚豪.湖南武陵源自然保护区水生生物,北京:科学出版社.1989,96-114][21] Song D X.Invertebrates of Wuling Mountains Area, Southwestern China.Beijing:Science Press,1997:1-39[宋大祥.西南武陵山地区无脊椎动物,北京:科学出版社.1997,1-39][22] Song D X.Invertebrates of Wuling mountains area, southwestern China.Science Press,Beijing.1997:40-72[宋大祥.西南武陵山地区无脊椎动物,北京:科学出版社.1997:40-721[23] Yin W Y.Subtropical soil animals of China [M].Beijing:Science Press,1992:97-156[沈韫芬,刘江,宋碧玉,等.原生动物.尹文英.中国亚热带土壤动物.北京:科学出版社,1992: 97-156][24] Yin W Y.Pictorical keys to soil animals of China [M].Beijing:Science Press,1998: 7-42, 393-431[尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社,1998,7-42,393-431][25] Yin W Y.Soil Animals of China [M].Beijing:Science Press,2000,209-220[宁应之,沈韫芬.土壤原生动物的区系特点.尹文英.中国土壤动物.北京:科学出版社,2000,209-220][26] Ning Y Z,Shen Y F.Soil protozoa in typical zones of China:Ⅰ faunal characteristics and distribution of species[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,1998,44(1):5-10[宁应之,沈韫芬.中国典型地带土壤原生动物:Ⅰ区系特征和物种分布.动物学报,1998,44(1):5-10][27] Ning Y Z,Shen Y F.New records of protozoa(Sarcomas tigophora)in China[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,1999,34(4):2-5[宁应之,沈韫芬.中国土壤原生动物新记录种--肉鞭虫门.动物学杂志,1999,34:2-5][28] Wang S Z,Ma Z X.The Ciliates from industrial wastewater of Xining and three indicative species of Rhizopoda on high mountains and subhigh mountains[J].Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science),1994,30(1):60-65[王士正,马正学.西宁市工业废水纤毛虫类及三种高山、亚高山指示性有壳肉足虫.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1994,30(1):60-65][29] Song B Y.Ecological studies on the protozoa at the Dongting Lake outlet of the Changjiiang River[J].Acta Hydrobiologia Sinica, 2000,24(4):317-321[宋碧玉.长江洞庭湖口原生动物的生态研究.水生生物学报,2000,24(4):317-321][30] Balik V,Song B Y.Benthic freshwater testate amoebae assemblages(Protozoa:Rhizopoda)from Lake Dongting,People's Republic of China,with description of a new species from the Genus Collaripyxidia [J].Acta Protozool.2000, 39:149-456[31] Xu R L.Bai Q S.Freshwater Sarcodina from the water body of ricefields in Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2000,35(1):5-8[徐润林,白庆笙.广东稻田水体中的淡水肉足虫[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(1):5-8][32] Finlay B J.Global dispersal of free-living microbial eukaryote species[J].Science,2002.296:1061-1063
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