大亚湾近代沉积物中甲藻孢囊的垂直分布
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DINOFLAGELLATE RESTING CYSTS IN RECENT SEDIMENTS FROM DAYA BAY,THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
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摘要: 用TFO采泥器于2001年8月采集了大亚湾大鹏澳海域6个采样点8-18cm柱状沉积物样品,分层研究了甲藻孢囊在该海域表层沉积物中的垂直分布.在35个沉积物样品中共分析鉴定出甲藻孢囊48种,其中自养型20种,异养型28种,优势种类为锥状斯氏藻.每个样品中所分析鉴定的孢囊种类数为12-29种,孢囊的香农-威弗种类多样性指数(Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index,H')为0.61-4.13,并且在2-4cm层次处,随深度的增加,两者均有一个明显上升趋势.除鱼类养殖区的上表层较高外,孢囊丰度大多为1000-2000 cysts/g D Wt,最高为2.38×104 cysts/g D Wt.亚历山大藻孢囊分布广泛且密度较高,最高丰度为503 cysts/g D Wt,同时表层沉积物中高密度的亚历山大藻孢囊为该藻赤潮的发生提供了丰富的种源,而且也是该海域贝类体内冬季PSP毒素积累及高含量的重要原因.Abstract: Six sediment cores from length of 8 to 18cm were collected from DapengAo area,Daya Bay,the South China Sea,by TFO core sampler in Aug. 2001 to investigate the vertical distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts. 48 different cyst morphotypes representing 20 genera and 6 groups were identified from 35 sediment samples in this study. There were 20 autotrophic species and 28 heterotrophic ones. Cyst species richness in each sample varied from 12 to 29,while the values of Shannon-Weaver’s Diversity Index(H′)were between 0.61 and 4.13. There were an obvious increase of species richness and H’values in the depth of 2—4cm. Cyst concentrations varied from 154 to 2.38×104 cysts/g D Wt,and were between 1000 and 2000 cysts/g D Wt in most samples,while the highest concentration was obtained at the depth of 2—4cm in fish raised area of St.1.Scrippsiella trochoidea was the most common and abundant cyst type. Meanwhile,the abrupt increase of cysts of S. trochoidea in the depth of 2—4cm layer of sediment reflected the bloom of this species in nearby sea areas in 2000. The results from cyst assemblages showed some trend of changes in water quality in this area to some extent,and indicated the typical type of pollution caused by cultural eutrophication,which began in the late 1990s. Cysts of Alexandrium mainly those of A. catenella and A. tamarense complex occurred frequently and abundantly in this area,with the highest concentration and relative frequency of 503cysts/g D Wt and 12.0%respectively. Thus,high concentrations of Alexandrium cysts provided rich“seed bed”for Alexandrium blooms and an important resource of PSP toxin especially in winter.
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Keywords:
- Dinoflagellate cyst /
- Daya Bay /
- Alexandrium /
- The South China Sea
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[黄乃明,宋海青,牛广秋,等. 大亚湾海底泥中γ放射性核素比活度随深度的变化及底泥沉积速率的估算. 辐射防护通讯,1999,19(2):12-9][15] Dale B,Thorsen T A,Fjellsa A. Dinolagellate cyst as indicators of cultural eutrophication in Oslofjord Norway [J]. Estuar. Coastal. Shelf Sci. 1999,48:371-382[16] Peng Y H,Wang Z D. Analysis of nutrient statues and hydrochemical indexes in seawater of aqualcultural area at Dapeng'ao Bight in Daya Bay[J]. J of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait. 1999,18(1):26-32. [彭云辉,王肇鼎. 大亚湾大鹏澳养殖海区水化学指标的变化及营养状况分析. 台湾海峡,1999,18(1):26-32][17] Cho H J,Matsuoka K. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Marine Micropaleontology. 2001,42(3-4):103-123[18] Takasugi Y,Noguchi H,Yasuda H. Wind induced vertical circulation and distribution of resting cysts of the toxic plankton in sediments in Hiroshima Bay[J]. Suisann Kaiyou Kenkyo,1998,62:187-198. (in Japanese with English Abstract) Mcgillicuddy D J,Signell R P,Stock C A et al. A mechanism for offshore initiation of harmful algal blooms in the coastal Gulf of Maine[J]. J. Plankton Res.,2003,25:1131-1138[2] Schwinghamer P,Hawryluk M,Powell C,et al.Resuspended hypnozygotes of Alexandrium fundyense associated with winter occurrence of PSP in shore Newfoundland waters[J]. Aquaculture,1994,122:171-179[3] Xiao Y Z,Wang Z H,Chen J F,et al. Seasonal dynamics of dinoflagellate cysts in sediments from Daya Bay,the South China Sea,Its relationship to the bloom of Scrippsiella trochoidea. Acta Hydrobiologia Sinica,2003,27(4):372-377. [肖咏之,王朝晖,陈菊芳,等. 广东大亚湾甲藻孢囊及其与锥状斯氏藻赤潮的关系. 水生生物学报,2003,27(4):372-376. ][4] Matsuoka K. Eutrophication process recorded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblage-a case of Yokohama Port,Tokyo Bay,Japan[J]. Sci. Total Environ. 1999,231:17-35.[5] Lin Y T,Yong M,Chen R,et al. Study on paralytic shellfish poison in shellfish from Guangdong coast[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica. 1994,25:220-225. [林燕棠,杨美兰,陈瑞雯,等. 广东沿海麻痹性贝类毒素的研究. 海洋与湖沼,1994,23(2):220-225. ][6] Jiang T J,Yin Y W,Luo Y M,et al. Study on the paralytic poisoning in shellfish of Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay,Guangdong[J]. China Environ. Science. 2000,20(4):341-344. [江天久,尹伊伟,骆育敏,等. 广东大亚湾和大鹏湾麻痹性贝类毒素研究. 中国环境科学,2000,20(4):341-344][7] Anderson D M,David M,Qi Y Z,et al. Paralytic shellfish poisoning in southern China[J]. Toxin,1996,34(5):579-590[8] Liang S. Studies on resources and environment in the South China Sea[c]. Guangzhou:Zhanshan University press. 1999. 219-228. [梁松. 南海资源与环境研究文集. 广州:中山大学出版社. 1999,219-228][9] Lu B,Zhang F S,Huang S J,et al. Surface sediment properties and their influence on sea water culture in Daya Bay[J]. J of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2002,21(4):489-495. [卢博,张福生,黄韶健,等. 大亚湾表层沉积物性质及其对海水养殖的影响. 台湾海峡,2002,21(4):489-495][10] Qi Y Z,Hong Y,Zheng L,et al. Dinoflagellate cysts from resent marine sediments of the South and East China Seas[J]. Asian Mar. Biology,1996,13:87-103[11] Wang Z H,Matsuoka,Qi Y Z,et al. Vertical distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in surface sediments from Aotou area of Daya Bay,the South China Sea[J]. Marine Environmental Science,2003,22(4):5-8. [王朝晖,K Matsuoka,齐雨藻等. 大亚湾澳头海域表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的垂直分布. 海洋环境科学,22(4):5-8][12] Qiu Y W. The characteristic of nutrient variation in the Daya Bay[J].Acta Oceanologia Sinica. 2001,23(1):85-93. [丘耀文. 大亚湾营养物质变异特征. 海洋学报,2001,23(1):85-93][13] Xiao Y Z,Qi Y Z,Wang Z H,et al. The relationship between Scrippsiella trochoidea red tide and cyst in the Daya Bay[J]. Marine Science,2000,25(9):50-54. [肖咏之,齐雨藻,王朝晖,等. 大亚湾海域锥状斯氏藻赤潮及其与孢囊的关系. 海洋科学,2001,25(9):50-54][14] Huang N M,Song H Q,Niu G Q,et al. Variations of specific activity of γ radionuclides in marine sediments with depth at GNPS site and evaluation of sedimentation velocity[J]. Radiation Protection Bulletin. 1999,19(2):12-9. [黄乃明,宋海青,牛广秋,等. 大亚湾海底泥中γ放射性核素比活度随深度的变化及底泥沉积速率的估算. 辐射防护通讯,1999,19(2):12-9][15] Dale B,Thorsen T A,Fjellsa A. Dinolagellate cyst as indicators of cultural eutrophication in Oslofjord Norway [J]. Estuar. Coastal. Shelf Sci. 1999,48:371-382[16] Peng Y H,Wang Z D. Analysis of nutrient statues and hydrochemical indexes in seawater of aqualcultural area at Dapeng'ao Bight in Daya Bay[J]. J of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait. 1999,18(1):26-32. [彭云辉,王肇鼎. 大亚湾大鹏澳养殖海区水化学指标的变化及营养状况分析. 台湾海峡,1999,18(1):26-32][17] Cho H J,Matsuoka K. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Marine Micropaleontology. 2001,42(3-4):103-123[18] Takasugi Y,Noguchi H,Yasuda H. Wind induced vertical circulation and distribution of resting cysts of the toxic plankton in sediments in Hiroshima Bay[J]. Suisann Kaiyou Kenkyo,1998,62:187-198. (in Japanese with English Abstract)
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