罗氏沼虾四倍体诱导的研究
STUDIES ON THE TETRAPLODY INDUCTION IN THE GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN,MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII
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摘要: 对罗氏沼虾卵子极体排出时间和第一次卵裂时间进行了观察,并在此基础上,采用热休克和细胞松弛素 B(C,B)两种诱导方法成功诱导出了罗氏沼虾四倍体。石蜡切片显示,当罗氏沼虾卵子完全成熟时,第一极体已经 排出。第二极体排出的时间约在受精后55min。经过雌性原核和雄性原核的联会,第一次卵裂的时间约在受精后 210-230min。设计了多种处理条件,其中热休克诱导罗氏沼虾四倍体的最好条件是:受精后210min,用40℃水温处 理胚胎1．5min,在这种条件下,最高可以得到35．86％的四倍体率;而C．B诱导罗氏沼虾四倍体的最好条件是:受精 后230min,用1．0mg/L的C．B处理胚胎10min,此时最高四倍体诱导率达33．78％。Abstract: Triploicl organisms are advantageous in agricultural breeding due to their rapid growth rate and more delicious meat. Tetraploid animals are also valuable because of their fertility and capacity of producing triploidy by crossing with normal diploid. The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an important aquaculture species in China. The intensive breeding, which is widely used, may cause many problems, such as prematurity, being smaller in size, etc. Triploid induction may be a solution to solve these problems. Present study showed that the first polar body was released when the oocyte matured physiologically and the second polar body was extruded about 55 mins after fertilization. After the synapsis of male and female pronuclei, the first cleavage occurred around 210-230 mins following fertilization. Furthermore the tetraploidy embryos of this prawn were successfully induced by heat-shock and cytochalasin B(C.B)treatment. The tetraploid embryos of the prawn could be obtained by induction with either heat shock or C. B. The optimum condition of heat shock appeared to be at 210 minutes post-fertilization, duration for 1.5 minutes at 40℃ ,which could yield 35.86% tetraploidy embryos. While treated with 1 .0mg/L C. B for 10 minutes at 230 minutes after fertilization, the maximum rate of tetraploid(33.78% )was obtained.
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Keywords:
- Macrobrachium rosenbergii /
- Polar body /
- Tetraploid /
- Induction
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