纳木错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE GONADAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENDEMIC TIBET FISH GYMNOCYPRIS NAMENSIS
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摘要: 采用常规的组织切片方法,对西藏特有鱼类纳木错裸鲤的性腺发育进行了组织学研究,系统地描述了各期精巢和卵巢的形态结构、特征及其变化.尤其论述了其卵巢中卵细胞的卵黄核破碎与分解的特点、卵膜的结构、核仁排出物在卵黄形成过程中的作用,以及卵粒重吸收的过程.根据各期卵巢中卵母细胞的组成情况,认为纳木错裸鲤已达性成熟的个体并不是每年都参与繁殖活动是对高原极端、多变气候环境的一种生态适应;阐明了纳木错裸鲤属于分批同步产卵鱼类.Abstract: The histology of the gonadal development of namucuo naked carp, Gymnocypris namensis which is endemic to the Namucuo Lake, Northern Tibet, was studied. The volume of the ovary increased markedly in August and attained at maximum in December, egg-laying was from April to August. At the end of the spawing, a larger number of oocytes which remained in ovary became astrophied and were re absorbed subsequently. The oogenesis is composed of six phase. In the phase 2 of the development of the oocytes, the yolk nucleus, which was possibly related to the formation of yolk, broke up and formed a ring in the outer cortex. From the later phase 2 to the middle phase 3, the nucleoli of the oocytes contained substance, which was probably related to the formation of protean yolk granules, and entered into cytopalsm by the part rupture of the nuclear membrane. In the phase 4, vitelline membrane was composed of 2 layers: zona radiata or the primary membrane which is mostly formed by oocyte and the second membrane which is possibly formed by granulosa. The micropyle canal was blocked by more than 10 micropylar cells whichs formed a vesicle. In a reproductive season, the ovary of namucuo naked carp matured only once in a year and the mature fish could spawn surely more than one time.
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Keywords:
- Gymnocypris namensis /
- Gonadal development /
- Histology /
- Spawning pattern /
- Tibet
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[1] MейенBА.ВКБОПРОСУ О ГОДОВОМЦИКЛе КОСТИСТыХ Рыб[J].ИзвАН СССР Бцол,1939,3:389—420[2] 施芳,尹伊伟,胡传林,等.鲢鱼性腺周年变化的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1964,5(1):77—94[3] 孟庆闻,苏锦祥,李婉端.鱼类比较解剖学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987,263—265[4] 龚启祥,曹克驹,曾 鼵.香鱼卵巢发育的组织学研究[J].水产学报,1982, 6(3):221—234[5] 王瑞霞.鲂鱼受精早期精子入卵的扫描电子显微镜观察[J].水产学报,1982, 6(4):813—820[6] Mayer I, Shackley S E, Ryland J S.Aspect of the reproductive biology of the bass, Dicentrarchus labax L.I.an histological and histochemical study of oocyte development [J].J Fish Biol, 1988, 33:609—622[7] 林鼎,林浩然.鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究Ⅲ.鳗鲡性腺发育组织学和细胞学研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1984, 8(2):157—164[8] Beach A W.Seasonal changes in the cytology of the ovary and of the pitutary gland of the godfish [J].Can J Zool., 1959, 37:615—625[9] Shackley S E, King P E.Oogenesis in a marine teleost, Blennius pholis [J].L cell Tissue Res, 1977, 181:105—128[10] Wiegand M D.Vitellogenesis in fishes [A].In:(Richter C J J, Goos H J Th.eds.)Proceedings of International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish [C].Wageningen:Pudoc.1982, 136—146[11] 湖南师范学院生物系鱼类研究室.青鱼性腺发育的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1975, 5(4):471—483[12] 施?5芳.鱼类性腺发育研究新进展[J].水生生物学报,1988,12(3):248—258[13] Hubbard J W.The yolk nucleus in Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons [J].Proc Am Phil.Soc, 1984, 33:74—83[14] Konopacka B.Recherches histochimiques sur le development des piosson.1, La vitellogenese chez le goujon et le carpe [J].Bull Acad Polonaise Sci.et Let, 1935, B:163—182[15] Brachet J.The Biochemisty of Development [M].London: Pergamon, 1960, 1—44[16] Malhotra Y R.On the nucleolar extrusions in the developing oocytes of a Kashmir fish Schizothorax niger Hechel [J].Ichthyologica, 1963, Ⅱ:57—60[17] Van Der Merwe W, Van Vuren J H J, Vermaak J F.Cyclic histomorphological changees in the ovary of mudfish, Labeo capensis [J].Aquaculture, 1988, 72:349—358[18] 瑞温CP(李汝祺,张宗炳译).卵子发生中的卵核、卵子发生[M].北京:科学出版社,1961,41—70[19] Al-Daham N K, Bhatti M N.Annual changes in the ovarian activity of freshwater teleost, Barbus luteus(Heckel)from Southern Iraq [J].J fish Biol, 1979, 14:381—387[20] Bieniarz K, Epler P.Preliminary results of the in vivo studies on ovarian resorption in carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[J].J Fish Biol, 1976, 8:449—451[21] 施?5芳.鱼类生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1991,303—318[22] 胡安,唐诗声,龚生兴.青海湖裸鲤的繁殖生物学研究[A].见:青海湖地区的鱼类区系和青海湖裸鲤的生物学[C].北京:科学出版社,1975,49—62[23] Malhotra Y R.Seasonal variation in the morphology of the ovaries of a Kashmir fish Schizothorax niger Hechel [J].Karshmir Science, 1965, Ⅱ:27—39[24] Malhotra Y S.Studies on the seasonal changes the ovary of Schizothorax niger Heckel from Dal Lake in Karshmir [J].Japanese J Ichthyology, 1970, 17(3):110—116 MейенBА.ВКБОПРОСУ О ГОДОВОМЦИКЛе КОСТИСТыХ Рыб[J].ИзвАН СССР Бцол,1939,3:389—420[2] 施芳,尹伊伟,胡传林,等.鲢鱼性腺周年变化的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1964,5(1):77—94[3] 孟庆闻,苏锦祥,李婉端.鱼类比较解剖学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987,263—265[4] 龚启祥,曹克驹,曾 鼵.香鱼卵巢发育的组织学研究[J].水产学报,1982, 6(3):221—234[5] 王瑞霞.鲂鱼受精早期精子入卵的扫描电子显微镜观察[J].水产学报,1982, 6(4):813—820[6] Mayer I, Shackley S E, Ryland J S.Aspect of the reproductive biology of the bass, Dicentrarchus labax L.I.an histological and histochemical study of oocyte development [J].J Fish Biol, 1988, 33:609—622[7] 林鼎,林浩然.鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究Ⅲ.鳗鲡性腺发育组织学和细胞学研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1984, 8(2):157—164[8] Beach A W.Seasonal changes in the cytology of the ovary and of the pitutary gland of the godfish [J].Can J Zool., 1959, 37:615—625[9] Shackley S E, King P E.Oogenesis in a marine teleost, Blennius pholis [J].L cell Tissue Res, 1977, 181:105—128[10] Wiegand M D.Vitellogenesis in fishes [A].In:(Richter C J J, Goos H J Th.eds.)Proceedings of International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish [C].Wageningen:Pudoc.1982, 136—146[11] 湖南师范学院生物系鱼类研究室.青鱼性腺发育的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1975, 5(4):471—483[12] 施?5芳.鱼类性腺发育研究新进展[J].水生生物学报,1988,12(3):248—258[13] Hubbard J W.The yolk nucleus in Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons [J].Proc Am Phil.Soc, 1984, 33:74—83[14] Konopacka B.Recherches histochimiques sur le development des piosson.1, La vitellogenese chez le goujon et le carpe [J].Bull Acad Polonaise Sci.et Let, 1935, B:163—182[15] Brachet J.The Biochemisty of Development [M].London: Pergamon, 1960, 1—44[16] Malhotra Y R.On the nucleolar extrusions in the developing oocytes of a Kashmir fish Schizothorax niger Hechel [J].Ichthyologica, 1963, Ⅱ:57—60[17] Van Der Merwe W, Van Vuren J H J, Vermaak J F.Cyclic histomorphological changees in the ovary of mudfish, Labeo capensis [J].Aquaculture, 1988, 72:349—358[18] 瑞温CP(李汝祺,张宗炳译).卵子发生中的卵核、卵子发生[M].北京:科学出版社,1961,41—70[19] Al-Daham N K, Bhatti M N.Annual changes in the ovarian activity of freshwater teleost, Barbus luteus(Heckel)from Southern Iraq [J].J fish Biol, 1979, 14:381—387[20] Bieniarz K, Epler P.Preliminary results of the in vivo studies on ovarian resorption in carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)[J].J Fish Biol, 1976, 8:449—451[21] 施?5芳.鱼类生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1991,303—318[22] 胡安,唐诗声,龚生兴.青海湖裸鲤的繁殖生物学研究[A].见:青海湖地区的鱼类区系和青海湖裸鲤的生物学[C].北京:科学出版社,1975,49—62[23] Malhotra Y R.Seasonal variation in the morphology of the ovaries of a Kashmir fish Schizothorax niger Hechel [J].Karshmir Science, 1965, Ⅱ:27—39[24] Malhotra Y S.Studies on the seasonal changes the ovary of Schizothorax niger Heckel from Dal Lake in Karshmir [J].Japanese J Ichthyology, 1970, 17(3):110—116
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