粘孢子虫生活史的研究进展
A REVIEW OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF MYXOSPOREAN
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摘要: 粘抱子虫除少数种类寄生在蠕虫、两栖类、爬行类外,绝大部分寄生于鱼类,可以说是鱼类特有的一类寄生原生动物。自ouge首次发现粘抱子虫以来,至今国内外报道的有近12OO种,其中在我国淡水鱼类中寄生的就有600余种,它几乎能在鱼体的所有器官中寄生,并可在鱼的体表或内脏形成抱囊,使商品鱼失去价值,严重时可导致鱼类大量死亡,给鱼类养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。
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Keywords:
- Myxosporean /
- Life cycle
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[1] Siddal M E. Martin D S. Bridge D. The demise of a phylum of protists: phylogeny of Myxozoa and other parasitic Cnidaria [J]. J. Parasitol, 1995, 81(6):961-967[2] Kent M L. Margolis L. Corliss J O. The demise of a class of protists: Taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions proposed for the protists phylum Myxozoa Grasse, 1970 [J].Can J. of Zoology, 1994, 72: 932-937[3] 柴建原谢杏人陈启鎏.吸鱼粘体虫在异育银鲫心脏中的孢子发生[J]动物学报,1991,37(4):397-401[4] Markiw M E. Wolf K. Myxosoma cerebralis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) etiologic agent of salmonid whirling disease requires Tubificid worm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in its life cycle [J]. J. Protozool,1983, 30(3):561-564[5] Wolf K.Markiw M E. Biology contravenes taxonomy in the Myxozoa: new discoveries show alternationof Invertebrate and Vertebrate hosts [J]. Science, 1984, 225:1449-1452[6] Yokoyama H. Ogawa K. Wakabayashi, H.,Myxobolus cultus N. SP.(Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) in the goldfish Carassius auratus transformed from the actinosporean stage in the oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi[J]J. Parasitol, 1995, 81(3):446-451[7] El-Mansy A. Molnar K Development of Myxobolus hungaricus (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) in oligochaete altemate hosts [J]. Dis. Aquat Org, 1997,31:227-232[8] Andree K B. Gresoviac S J. Hedrick R P. Small subunit Ribosomal RNA sequences unite altemate actinosporean and myxosporean stage of nyxobolus cerebralis the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonid fish [J]. J. Euk. Microbiol, 1997,44:(3):208-215[9] Hoffman G L. Whirling disease of trout and salmon caused by Myxosoma cerebralis in the United States of America [J]. Rev. It. Piscic. Ittiopat, 1970, 5:29-31[10] Sindermann C J. Principal diseases of marine fish and shellfish [M]. New York: Academic Press, 1970[11] Markiw M E. Salmonid whirling disease: myxosporean and actinosporean stages cross-react in direct fluorescent antibody test [J] J. Fish biology, 1989,12:137-141[12] Lom J. Dykova I.Fine structure of Triactinomyxon early stages and sporogony: Myxosporean and Actinosporean features compared [J]. J. Protozool, 1992,39(1):16-27[13] Lom J. McGeorge J. Feist S W. Guidelines for the uniform characterisation of the actinosporean stages of parasites of the phylum myxozoa [J] Dis. Aquat Org, 1997,30:1-9[14] Hamilton A J. Canning E U. Studies on the proposed role of Tubifex tubifex (Muller) as an intermediate host in the life cycle of ,Myxosoma cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) [J] J. Fish Diseases,1987, 10:145-151[15] Csaba G. An unidentifiable extracellular sporozoan parasite from the blood of the carp [J]. Parasitol. Hung,1976, 9:2-24[16] Lom J.Dykova I. Comments on myxosporean life cycles [J].Symposia Biological Hungarica,1986,33:309-318[17] Lom J, Pavlaskova M, Dykova I. Notes on kidney-infecting species of the genus Sphaerospora Thelohan (Myxosporea), including a new species S. gobionis sp. nov., and on myxosporean life cycle stages in the blood of some freshwater fish [J]. J. Fish Dis, 1985, 8:221-232[18] Molnar K. Further evidence that blood protozoa of the common carp are stage of Sphaerospora renicola Dykova et Lom [J]. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol, 1988,8(1):3[19] 谢杏人杨名义陈启鎏.鲤寄生"未明血液生物体(UBO)”在我国的发现和研究[C].鱼病学研究论文集(第一辑),北京:海洋出版社,1993,65-71[20] Csaba G. Kovacs-Gayer E. Bekesi L. Studies into the possible protozoan aetiology of swimbladder inflammation in the carp fry [J]. J. Fish Diseases, 1984, 7:39-56[21] Molnar K. Experimental evidence that protozoans causing swimbladder inflammation in common carp (Cyporinus carpio L.) are stages of Sphaerospora renicola [J]. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol,1984, 4:14-15[22] Odening K. New trends in parasitic infections of cultured freshwater fish [J] Vet. Parasitol, 1989,32:73-100[23] Molnar K Kovacs-Gayer E. Experimental induction of Sphaerospora renicola (Myxosporea) infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by transmission of SB-protozoans [J]. J. Appl. Ichthyol, 1986,2:86-94[24] Kanaev A I. Kuzmin G G. The swim bladder inflammation of carp and the control measure against the disease [J]. Rosselchorisdat, Moskva, 1970, 1-42(In Russian)[25] Seagrave C P. Bucke D. Alderman D J. Ultrastructure of a haplosporean-like organism: The possible causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout [J]. J. Fish Biol, 1980,16:453-459[26] Schaperclaus W. Die Schadigungen der deutschen Fischerei durch Fischparasiten und Fischkrankheiten [J]Fischereizeitung, 1938, 41:267-270[27] Ghittino P. Piscicoltura e ittiopatologia [J]. Hu parte Rivista Di Zootechnia, 1970,43:64-80[28] Ferguson H W. Adair B. Protozoa associated with proliferative kidney disease it rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) [J].Veterinary Record, 1977, 100:158-159[29] Feist S W. Bucke D. Ultrastructure aspects of PKX, he causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Richardsom [J]. J. Fish. Dis, 1987,10:323-327[30] Hedrick R P. MacConnell E. de Kinkelin P. Proliferative kidney disease of salmonid fish [J].Annual Rev.Fish Diseases, 1993, 277-290[31] Clifton-Hadley R S, Feist S W. Proliferative kidney disease in brown trout, Salmo trutta: Further evidence of a myxosporean aetiology [J]. Dis. Aquat. Org, 1989, 6:99-103[32] Kent M L. Sphaerospora oncorhynchi n.sp.(Myxosporea:Sphaerosporidae) from the kidney of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in British Columbia and its possible relationship to the myxosporean causing proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fishes [J]. Can J. of Zoology, 1993a,71:2425-2430[33] Foott J S, Hedrick R P. Seasonal occurrence of the infectious stage of proliferative kidney disease (PKD)and resistance of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson,to reinfection [J].J. Fish Biol,1987, 30:477-483[34] Ferguson H W.Ball H J. Epidemiological aspects of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson in Northern Ireland [J]. J. Fish Dis, 1979,2:219-225[35] Kent M L. Hedrick R P. Transmission of the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) with the blood and spleen of infected fish: further evidence the PKX parasite belongs to the phylum Myxozoa[J]. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish. Pathol, 1985b, 5:39-42.[36] Mcgeorge J.Sommerville C. Wootten R. Light and electron microscope observations on extrasporogonic and sporogonic stages of a myxosporean parasite of the genus Sphaerospora Thelohan,1892 from Aliantic salmon, Salmo salar L [J]. J. Fish. Dis, 1994, 17:227-238[37] Stehr C. Sporogenesis of the myxosporean Kudoa paniformis Kabata Whitaker, 1981 infecting the muscle of the Pacific whiting, Merluccius productus (Ayres) [J]. J. Fish. Dis,1986, 9:493-504[38] Lom J. Molnar K Dykova I.Hoferellus gilsoni (Denbaisieux,1925) Comb.N.(Myxozoa,Myxosporea):Redescription and mode of attachment to the epithelium of the urinary bladder of its host, the European eel [J]. Protistologica, 1986, 22:405-413[39] 谢杏人龚小宁肖武汉.粘孢子虫孢子发育模式及一新种的描述.鱼病学研究论文集(第一辑)[C],北京:海洋出版社,1993,77-82[40] Mitchell L G. Parasitic Protozoa [M]. New York. San Francisco. London. Ⅳ. 1977, 115-154[41] 吴宝华等.鲢疯狂病病原体鲢碘泡虫孢子形成各阶段的观察研究[J].动物学报,1993,39(1):84-87[42] El-Matbouli M. Fischer-Scherl T.Hoffmann R W. Present knowledge on the life cycle,taxonomy,pathology, and therapy of some Myxosporea Spp. important for freshwater fish [J]. Annual Rev.of Fish Diseases, 1992,367-402[43] Diamant A. Fish-to-fish transmission of a marine myxosporean [J]. Dis. Aquat Org,1997, 30:99-105[44] Lom J. Arthur J R. A guideline for the preparation of species descriptions in Myxosporea [J]. J.Fish Diseases,1989,12:151-156 Siddal M E. Martin D S. Bridge D. The demise of a phylum of protists: phylogeny of Myxozoa and other parasitic Cnidaria [J]. J. Parasitol, 1995, 81(6):961-967[2] Kent M L. Margolis L. Corliss J O. The demise of a class of protists: Taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions proposed for the protists phylum Myxozoa Grasse, 1970 [J].Can J. of Zoology, 1994, 72: 932-937[3] 柴建原谢杏人陈启鎏.吸鱼粘体虫在异育银鲫心脏中的孢子发生[J]动物学报,1991,37(4):397-401[4] Markiw M E. Wolf K. Myxosoma cerebralis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) etiologic agent of salmonid whirling disease requires Tubificid worm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in its life cycle [J]. J. Protozool,1983, 30(3):561-564[5] Wolf K.Markiw M E. Biology contravenes taxonomy in the Myxozoa: new discoveries show alternationof Invertebrate and Vertebrate hosts [J]. Science, 1984, 225:1449-1452[6] Yokoyama H. Ogawa K. Wakabayashi, H.,Myxobolus cultus N. SP.(Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) in the goldfish Carassius auratus transformed from the actinosporean stage in the oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi[J]J. Parasitol, 1995, 81(3):446-451[7] El-Mansy A. Molnar K Development of Myxobolus hungaricus (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) in oligochaete altemate hosts [J]. Dis. Aquat Org, 1997,31:227-232[8] Andree K B. Gresoviac S J. Hedrick R P. Small subunit Ribosomal RNA sequences unite altemate actinosporean and myxosporean stage of nyxobolus cerebralis the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonid fish [J]. J. Euk. Microbiol, 1997,44:(3):208-215[9] Hoffman G L. Whirling disease of trout and salmon caused by Myxosoma cerebralis in the United States of America [J]. Rev. It. Piscic. Ittiopat, 1970, 5:29-31[10] Sindermann C J. Principal diseases of marine fish and shellfish [M]. New York: Academic Press, 1970[11] Markiw M E. Salmonid whirling disease: myxosporean and actinosporean stages cross-react in direct fluorescent antibody test [J] J. Fish biology, 1989,12:137-141[12] Lom J. Dykova I.Fine structure of Triactinomyxon early stages and sporogony: Myxosporean and Actinosporean features compared [J]. J. Protozool, 1992,39(1):16-27[13] Lom J. McGeorge J. Feist S W. Guidelines for the uniform characterisation of the actinosporean stages of parasites of the phylum myxozoa [J] Dis. Aquat Org, 1997,30:1-9[14] Hamilton A J. Canning E U. Studies on the proposed role of Tubifex tubifex (Muller) as an intermediate host in the life cycle of ,Myxosoma cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) [J] J. Fish Diseases,1987, 10:145-151[15] Csaba G. An unidentifiable extracellular sporozoan parasite from the blood of the carp [J]. Parasitol. Hung,1976, 9:2-24[16] Lom J.Dykova I. Comments on myxosporean life cycles [J].Symposia Biological Hungarica,1986,33:309-318[17] Lom J, Pavlaskova M, Dykova I. Notes on kidney-infecting species of the genus Sphaerospora Thelohan (Myxosporea), including a new species S. gobionis sp. nov., and on myxosporean life cycle stages in the blood of some freshwater fish [J]. J. Fish Dis, 1985, 8:221-232[18] Molnar K. Further evidence that blood protozoa of the common carp are stage of Sphaerospora renicola Dykova et Lom [J]. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol, 1988,8(1):3[19] 谢杏人杨名义陈启鎏.鲤寄生"未明血液生物体(UBO)”在我国的发现和研究[C].鱼病学研究论文集(第一辑),北京:海洋出版社,1993,65-71[20] Csaba G. Kovacs-Gayer E. Bekesi L. Studies into the possible protozoan aetiology of swimbladder inflammation in the carp fry [J]. J. Fish Diseases, 1984, 7:39-56[21] Molnar K. Experimental evidence that protozoans causing swimbladder inflammation in common carp (Cyporinus carpio L.) are stages of Sphaerospora renicola [J]. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol,1984, 4:14-15[22] Odening K. New trends in parasitic infections of cultured freshwater fish [J] Vet. Parasitol, 1989,32:73-100[23] Molnar K Kovacs-Gayer E. Experimental induction of Sphaerospora renicola (Myxosporea) infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by transmission of SB-protozoans [J]. J. Appl. Ichthyol, 1986,2:86-94[24] Kanaev A I. Kuzmin G G. The swim bladder inflammation of carp and the control measure against the disease [J]. Rosselchorisdat, Moskva, 1970, 1-42(In Russian)[25] Seagrave C P. Bucke D. Alderman D J. Ultrastructure of a haplosporean-like organism: The possible causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout [J]. J. Fish Biol, 1980,16:453-459[26] Schaperclaus W. Die Schadigungen der deutschen Fischerei durch Fischparasiten und Fischkrankheiten [J]Fischereizeitung, 1938, 41:267-270[27] Ghittino P. Piscicoltura e ittiopatologia [J]. Hu parte Rivista Di Zootechnia, 1970,43:64-80[28] Ferguson H W. Adair B. Protozoa associated with proliferative kidney disease it rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) [J].Veterinary Record, 1977, 100:158-159[29] Feist S W. Bucke D. Ultrastructure aspects of PKX, he causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Richardsom [J]. J. Fish. Dis, 1987,10:323-327[30] Hedrick R P. MacConnell E. de Kinkelin P. Proliferative kidney disease of salmonid fish [J].Annual Rev.Fish Diseases, 1993, 277-290[31] Clifton-Hadley R S, Feist S W. Proliferative kidney disease in brown trout, Salmo trutta: Further evidence of a myxosporean aetiology [J]. Dis. Aquat. Org, 1989, 6:99-103[32] Kent M L. Sphaerospora oncorhynchi n.sp.(Myxosporea:Sphaerosporidae) from the kidney of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in British Columbia and its possible relationship to the myxosporean causing proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fishes [J]. Can J. of Zoology, 1993a,71:2425-2430[33] Foott J S, Hedrick R P. Seasonal occurrence of the infectious stage of proliferative kidney disease (PKD)and resistance of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson,to reinfection [J].J. Fish Biol,1987, 30:477-483[34] Ferguson H W.Ball H J. Epidemiological aspects of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson in Northern Ireland [J]. J. Fish Dis, 1979,2:219-225[35] Kent M L. Hedrick R P. Transmission of the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) with the blood and spleen of infected fish: further evidence the PKX parasite belongs to the phylum Myxozoa[J]. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish. Pathol, 1985b, 5:39-42.[36] Mcgeorge J.Sommerville C. Wootten R. Light and electron microscope observations on extrasporogonic and sporogonic stages of a myxosporean parasite of the genus Sphaerospora Thelohan,1892 from Aliantic salmon, Salmo salar L [J]. J. Fish. Dis, 1994, 17:227-238[37] Stehr C. Sporogenesis of the myxosporean Kudoa paniformis Kabata Whitaker, 1981 infecting the muscle of the Pacific whiting, Merluccius productus (Ayres) [J]. J. Fish. Dis,1986, 9:493-504[38] Lom J. Molnar K Dykova I.Hoferellus gilsoni (Denbaisieux,1925) Comb.N.(Myxozoa,Myxosporea):Redescription and mode of attachment to the epithelium of the urinary bladder of its host, the European eel [J]. Protistologica, 1986, 22:405-413[39] 谢杏人龚小宁肖武汉.粘孢子虫孢子发育模式及一新种的描述.鱼病学研究论文集(第一辑)[C],北京:海洋出版社,1993,77-82[40] Mitchell L G. Parasitic Protozoa [M]. New York. San Francisco. London. Ⅳ. 1977, 115-154[41] 吴宝华等.鲢疯狂病病原体鲢碘泡虫孢子形成各阶段的观察研究[J].动物学报,1993,39(1):84-87[42] El-Matbouli M. Fischer-Scherl T.Hoffmann R W. Present knowledge on the life cycle,taxonomy,pathology, and therapy of some Myxosporea Spp. important for freshwater fish [J]. Annual Rev.of Fish Diseases, 1992,367-402[43] Diamant A. Fish-to-fish transmission of a marine myxosporean [J]. Dis. Aquat Org,1997, 30:99-105[44] Lom J. Arthur J R. A guideline for the preparation of species descriptions in Myxosporea [J]. J.Fish Diseases,1989,12:151-156
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