五种微绿球藻产油和产多不饱和脂肪酸的研究
STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTION OF OIL AND POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN FIVE SPECIES OF NANNOCHLOROPSIS
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摘要: 从5种微绿球藻中鉴别出4个高产油藻种和1个产油量很低的藻种。4种高产油微绿球藻在平台期油脂含量最高,占细胞干重的57%以上,其中三酰基甘油的含量占细胞干重的32.4%-45.2%。分析5种微绿球藻细胞的脂肪酸组成及4种高产油藻三酰基甘油中的脂肪酸组成,发现在高产油藻中,总的饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的比例达到95%以上,多不饱和脂肪酸在5%以下,而在产油量很低的微绿球藻中多不饱和脂肪酸比例达45%以上。高产油微绿球藻三酰基甘油的多不饱和脂肪酸含量在4%以下,是生物柴油的优质原料,而产油量低的微绿球藻可用于提取C20:5脂肪酸(EPA)。Abstract: Nannochloropsis species are known for high contents of oil or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as EPA (C20:5). In Nannochloropsis species, oils contain essentially saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, while polar lipids are rich in PUFA. In this study, total lipids, oils and fatty acids were analyzed in 5 Nannochloropsis species. Total lipids were extracted from cells using chloroform/methanol, and from total lipids, triacylglycerols were purified using thin layer chromatography. Of the five species, four were found to be of high-oil contents and one of very low-oil content. In the high-oil species, lipids could be accumulated to more than 57% of cell dry weight at late stationary growth phase, of which triacylglycerols accounted for 32.4%–45.2% of cell dry weight. The fatty acid composition of whole cells of all five species or triacylglycerol of four high-oil content species was analyzed. In high-oil content species, saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids accounted for more than 95% of total fatty acids, while the polyunsaturated fatty acids were less than 5%. In contrast, in the species of low-oil content, polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for more than 45% of total fatty acids. Triacylglycerols of the four high-oil content species possessed less than 4% PUFA and may serve as excellent raw materials for biodiesel production. On the other hand, EPA may be easily produced from total lipids of the low-oil content Nannochloropsis.
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Keywords:
- Nannochloropsis /
- Triacylglycerols /
- Fatty acids
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