Abstract: By means of artificial introduction Oocystis borgei and Nannochloris oculata into the cultural environment of shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, then inspecting the changes of factors that relate to the anti-disease ability of shrimp and measuring the main water quality factors to study the influence of microalage micro-ecology control over the anti-disease ability of shrimp. The result shows: Introducing Oocystis borgei and Nannochloris oculata into cultural environment can improve the water quality. The number of blood cell, the content of blood serum protein and the activity of phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), antibacterial enzyme and lysozyme are dramatically improved in contrast to the control group. Microalage-ecology control is an important measure to prevent the shrimp disease.