三峡库区汞污染的化学生态效应
CHEMICAL-ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MERCURY POLLUTION IN THE THREE GORGE RESERVOIR AREA
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摘要: 测定长江三峡库区江段鲤、铜鱼、鲇、长吻中的砷、镉、铜、汞、铅、硒、锌等元素的含量。比例匹配分析表明,样品或元素间无显著相关。铜鱼、鲤、鲇及长吻对汞的富集系数分别为8.0×103、1.5×104、3.3×104、8.4×104(L/kg)。这表明鱼体汞元素含量与鱼类在食物链营养级的位置密切相关,食物链越长,汞的富集系数越高。鲤、鲇及长吻的肌肉、肝、肾和牌间的汞含量比值约为6:2:1,而铜鱼为1:1:2.5。三峡库区降低鲤、鲇及长吻的肌肉有机汞含量占总汞含量的84%-92%,肝、肾和脾的有机汞占总汞的55%-77%。但铜鱼脾中的无机汞约占总汞的89%。并且有机汞与总汞含量间具有显著地线性关系:肌肉:Hg-o＝-0.001094+0.9101Hg-t P<0.01这表明鱼体肌肉是储存有机汞主要组织。并且鱼体肌肉汞元素含量C与鱼的体长L或体重W间满足经验方程:LnC＝A+BLnL LnC＝A'+B'LnW三峡库区江段因受川东高汞背景的影响,鲤肌肉汞含量高于长江水系鲤汞含量的背景水平。Abstract: The paper deals with contents of As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Se、Zn in Cyprinus carpio L., Corleus heterodon (Bleeker), Parasilurus sp., and L.longirostris Gunther from the reaches of the Three Gorge Reservoir area. The ration matching analysis indicates that there is no correlation between samples or elements.Bioconcentration factors of mercury for C. carpio L., C. heterodon (Bleeker),Silurus sp., and L. longirostris Gunther are 8.0×103, 1.5×104, 3.3×104 and 8.4 ×103 respectively. This shows that contents of mercury in fish are related to trophic level of their food chain or web, the higher the trophic level of fish, the greater the bioconcentration factors. Ration values of Hg contents in muscle to that in liver or kidney and spleen are 6;2:1 for C. carpio L., Silurus sp., and L.longirostris Gunther,but 1:1:2.5 for C. heterondon (Bleeker). Organic mercury contonts in these organs are 84%-92%. There are good correlations between organic and inorganic mercury contents in fish:Hg-o=-0.001094+0.9101Hgt p0.01 The relationships between mercury contents in carp muscle (C) and body length(L) or body weight (W) have the forms: LnC＝A+BLnL LnC＝A'+B'LnW The authors point out that because of mercury pollution in the Three Gorge Reservoir area, mercury contents in carp are greater than background values of mercury in carp from the Changjing River water system.
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Keywords:
- The Three Gorge Reservoir /
- Mercury pollution /
- Fish
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