南方鲇的营养学研究:I.人工饲料的消化率
STUDIES ON THE NUTRITION OF SILURUS MERIDIONALIS: I. DIGESTIBILITIES OF THE ARTIFICIAL DIETS
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摘要: 采用循环水养殖系统在27.5℃条件下,用人工饲料持续喂养南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼6周.以三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)为指示物,测定了蛋白质含量为35%至60%(变化梯度为5%)的6种等能(20kJ/g)试验饲料的消化率.实验结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平由3.86%升至55.73%时,饲料干物质表观消化率(Ddm)、蛋白质表观消化率(Dp)、脂肪表观消化率(D1)、能量表观消化率(De)及无氮浸出物表观消化率(Dnfe)分别由36.68%、77.13%、77.13%、71.43%、及55.4%显著上升为82.46%、4.22%、4.6%、3.56%和84.6%(P<0.05).饲料干物质、蛋白质、脂肪、能量及无氮浸出物表观消化率均与饲料蛋白质含量呈显著线性正相关、与饲料中淀粉含量呈显著线性负相关.通过讨论指出了Ogino和Chen有关蛋白质消化率与饲料蛋白质水平关系的假说的不完备性,并提出二者正相关的可能原因为:a蛋白质真消化率也随着饲料蛋白质水平的下降而下降;b鱼类摄食不同蛋白质水平饲料后其内源性粪氮量不同;c二者兼而有之.Abstract: The southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) were fed with artificial diets in a recirculated filtered rearing system maintained at 27.5℃ (± 0.2℃) for 6 weeks.Using the chromic oxide as an indicator, nutrient apparent digestibilities of six isoenergetic (20kJ/ g) diets containing 35%- 60% protein at 5% increments were determined With the increase from 39.86% to 55.73% in dietary protein level, the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (Ddm), protein (Dp), lipid (D1), energy (De) and nitrogen free extract (Dnfe) increased from 36.68%, 77.13%, 77.13%, 71.43% and 55.94% to 82.46%, 94.22%, 94.96%, 93.56%, and 84.96%, respectively (p 0.05).The analysis of linear regression indicated that Ddm, Dp, D1, De, and Dnfe were correlated positively with protein level, negatively with nitrogen free extract level.It is suggested that the correlation of apparent digestibility of protein in the fish with dietary protein level alight come from three sources as follows: a) True digestibility of protein which decreases with the decrease of protein level.b) Endogenous nitrogen in faeces which may change with the protein level of diet c) The two mechanisms occurred simultaneously.It is argued that the hypothesis by Ogino and Chen (1973) as to the relationship between protein digesitibility and protein level in diet should be invalid.
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[1] 杨诗兴等.饲料营养价值的评定方法[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社.1980,1-53[2] Halyer J E. Fish nutrition (2nd) [M]. San Diego: Acdemic press. 1989, 332-421[3] De Silva S S, Anderson T A. Fish nutrition in Aquaculture [M]. London: Chapman Hall. 1995, 103-142[4] 谢小军,孙儒泳.嘉陵江南方大口鲇的年龄和生长的初步研究[J].生态学报,1987,7(4):359-367[5] 谢小军、孙儒泳.南方鲇的排粪量及消化率同日粮,体重和温度的关系[J].海洋与湖沼,1993,24(6):627-632[6] Xie X J, Sun R Y. The bioenergetics of the sonthem catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen): growth rate as afunction of ration level, body weight and temperature [J]. J. Fish. Biol., 1992, 40:719-730[7] Xie X' J, Sun R Y. Pattern of energy allocation in the southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) [J]. J.Fish. Biol., 1993, 42:197-207[8] Rajamani M, Job S V. Food utilization by Tilipia mossambica (Peters): function on size [J]. Hydrobiologia,1976, 50:71-74[9] 沈晓民、刘永发、唐瑞英.异育银鲫的蛋白质消化率研究[J].水产学报,1995,19(1):52-57[10] Kelso J R M. Conversion, maintenance, and assimilation for walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, as affected by size, diet, and temperature [J]. J. Fish Res. Bd Ban., 1972, 29:181-192[11] Cui Yi Wootton R J. Bioenergetics of growth of a cyprind, Phoxdnus phoxinus: the effect of ration,temperaature and body size on food consumption, faecal production and nitrogenous excretion [J]. J. Fish Biol., 1988, 33:431-443[12] Du Preez H H, Cockroft A C. Nonfaecal losses of marine teleost, Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1958), feeding on live southern mulletm, Liza richardsonii (Smith, 1846) [J]. Comp. Biochem, physiol 1988, 90A:63-70[13] De Silva S S, Perera M K, Digestibility in Sarotheroodon niloticus fry: effects of dietary protein level and salinity with further observations on variability in diary digestibity [J]. Aquaculture, 1984, 38:293-306.[14] Ogino C, Chen M S. Protein nutrition in fish. 3. Apparent and truedigestibility of dietary protein by young carp [J]. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 1973 39:649-651.[15] 桥本芳郎(蔡完其译).养鱼饲料学[M].北京:农业出版社.1980,27-58[16] Nose T. Recent advances in the study of fish digestion [J]. EIF4C Tech. Pap. 1967, 3:83-94.[17] Hossain M A, Nahar N, Kamal M, Nutrient digesitibility coefficients of some plant and animal protein for rohu (Labeo rohita)[J]. Aquaculture, 1997. 151:37-45. 杨诗兴等.饲料营养价值的评定方法[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社.1980,1-53[2] Halyer J E. Fish nutrition (2nd) [M]. San Diego: Acdemic press. 1989, 332-421[3] De Silva S S, Anderson T A. Fish nutrition in Aquaculture [M]. London: Chapman Hall. 1995, 103-142[4] 谢小军,孙儒泳.嘉陵江南方大口鲇的年龄和生长的初步研究[J].生态学报,1987,7(4):359-367[5] 谢小军、孙儒泳.南方鲇的排粪量及消化率同日粮,体重和温度的关系[J].海洋与湖沼,1993,24(6):627-632[6] Xie X J, Sun R Y. The bioenergetics of the sonthem catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen): growth rate as afunction of ration level, body weight and temperature [J]. J. Fish. Biol., 1992, 40:719-730[7] Xie X' J, Sun R Y. Pattern of energy allocation in the southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) [J]. J.Fish. Biol., 1993, 42:197-207[8] Rajamani M, Job S V. Food utilization by Tilipia mossambica (Peters): function on size [J]. Hydrobiologia,1976, 50:71-74[9] 沈晓民、刘永发、唐瑞英.异育银鲫的蛋白质消化率研究[J].水产学报,1995,19(1):52-57[10] Kelso J R M. Conversion, maintenance, and assimilation for walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, as affected by size, diet, and temperature [J]. J. Fish Res. Bd Ban., 1972, 29:181-192[11] Cui Yi Wootton R J. Bioenergetics of growth of a cyprind, Phoxdnus phoxinus: the effect of ration,temperaature and body size on food consumption, faecal production and nitrogenous excretion [J]. J. Fish Biol., 1988, 33:431-443[12] Du Preez H H, Cockroft A C. Nonfaecal losses of marine teleost, Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1958), feeding on live southern mulletm, Liza richardsonii (Smith, 1846) [J]. Comp. Biochem, physiol 1988, 90A:63-70[13] De Silva S S, Perera M K, Digestibility in Sarotheroodon niloticus fry: effects of dietary protein level and salinity with further observations on variability in diary digestibity [J]. Aquaculture, 1984, 38:293-306.[14] Ogino C, Chen M S. Protein nutrition in fish. 3. Apparent and truedigestibility of dietary protein by young carp [J]. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 1973 39:649-651.[15] 桥本芳郎(蔡完其译).养鱼饲料学[M].北京:农业出版社.1980,27-58[16] Nose T. Recent advances in the study of fish digestion [J]. EIF4C Tech. Pap. 1967, 3:83-94.[17] Hossain M A, Nahar N, Kamal M, Nutrient digesitibility coefficients of some plant and animal protein for rohu (Labeo rohita)[J]. Aquaculture, 1997. 151:37-45.
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