三峡水库库首初期蓄水前后理化因子的比较研究
COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN THE FRONT OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER THE INITIATE IMPOUNDING
-
摘要: 根据2002—2004年对三峡水库库首的监测,对该水域的理化特征及其动态进行了比较分析,并对三峡水库初期蓄水前后的数据进行了差异显著性分析。结果显示主要理化指标空间差异不大,主要随季节变化。部分理化指标在蓄水前后有显著差异。其中TN、TP在蓄水后与蓄水前同期比较有明显降低,分别由蓄水前的周年平均值2.38mg/L、0.274mg/L下降到蓄水后的1.62mg/L0、.132mg/L。在无机氮组成中,NO3-N高达91.25%,而NO2-N仅占1.05%,这表明调查水域有较强的自净能力。透明度、浊度月变化很大,且呈良好的负相关,并在7—9月分别有显著降低与升高,表明本地区水土流失在降雨季节十分剧烈。而TP也随库区水体中悬浮物增高而显著增高,表明流失水土受磷污染严重。但由于同时期PO4-P反而是降低的,则说明此污染并不能有效转化为PO4-P。对营养状态指数(TSIM)的评价表明,尽管蓄水后库首水质污染较之蓄水前有明显降低,但仍呈中营养化水平。与国内其他大型水库比较,结果显示TP、NO3-N都远远高于被比较水库。Abstract: Based on the routine monitoring in the front region of Three Gorges reservoir from 2002 to 2004, the physicochemicalindices were analyzed, and the significant tests for the investigated data before and after the initial impounding were carried out.The results indicated that the major physicochemical indices were not significant differences spatially, but mainly vary with time.Some indices were significantly different before and after impounding.Among them, the annual averages of TN 、TP reduced from2.38mg/L 、0.274mg/L before impounding to 1.62mg/L 、0.132mg/L after impounding respectively.Among inorganic nitrogens,NO3-N was as high as 91.25%,whileNO2-N was only 1.05%, indicating that the Three Gorges Reservoir has great self-purificationcapacity.The results also showed that monthly averages of transparency and turbidity changed greatly, the two indices were negativelyrelated, and transparency decreased and turbidity increased significantly during July to September, which implied that there wereheavy soil erosion during rainfall seasons in this area.Meanwhile, TP also increased significantly along with turbidity increase,indicating that phosphorus pollution is heavy in the soil erosion area.However, since PO4-P deceased at the same time, it alsoindicated that this phosphorus pollution could not be effectively changed to PO4-P.Based on the evaluation of the trophic state indices (TSIM), the front region of the Three-Gorges reservoir was still middleeutrophical due to huge pollution basis (TSIM >37), although the water pollution reduced much after the impounding.At last, we compared the major physicochemical indices with those of other large local reservoirs, the results showed thatconcentrations of TP 、NO3-N in the studying area were much greater.
-
-
[1] [J].Journal of lake sciences, 1997, 9(1):89-94[蔡庆华.湖泊富营养化综合评价方法.湖泊科学,1997, 9(1):89-94]
[1] Zhang J S, Zhao N S, Mao X B.Analysis on the impoundment processof Three Gorges Reservoir up to EL.135 m[J].Water Power,2003,12:19-22[张继顺, 赵南山, 毛晓波.三峡水库135m 蓄水过程分析.水利发电, 2003, 12:19-21]
[2] Hu X E, Feng Z P.On the water impoundment at elevation of 139mof the Three Gorges Reservoir [J].Water Power, 2003, 12:22-27[胡兴娥, 冯正鹏.浅谈三峡水库139m 水位蓄水.水利发电,2003.12:22-27]
[3] Huang X F.Survey, observation and analysis of lake ecology [M].Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2000[黄祥飞.湖泊生态调查观测与分析.北京:中国标准出版社出版,2000]
[4] Liu R Q.Preliminary report on physicochemical properties of mainchannel and tributaries in upper andmiddle reaches of the ChangjiangRiver, before and after damming of the Three Gorges Project [J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2000,24(5):446-450[刘瑞秋.三峡大坝截流前后长江中上游江段水化学特性的初步调查.水生生物学报, 2000,24(5):446-450]
[5] Liu J K.Ecologi cal research on lake Donghu I [M].Beijing:S ciencePress, 1990[刘建康.东湖生态学研究(一).北京:科学出版社, 1990]
[6] The College of life Sciences and Chemistry of Yunnan University,Manwan Hydropower Station of Yunnan Province.The ecological Environmentand biological resources of Manwan Hydropower StationReservoir along Lancang River in Yunnan [M].Kunming:Science &Technology Press.2000,1-17, 24[云南大学生命科学与化学学院, 云南省漫湾发电厂.云南澜沧江漫湾水电站库区生态环境与生物资源.昆明:云南科技出版社, 2000,1-17, 24]
[7] Liu J K.AdvancedHydrobiology [M].Beijing:Science Press, 1999[刘建康.高级水生生物学.北京:科学出版社, 1999]
[8] Coda T.Comprehensive studies on the eutrophication of f reshwaterareas.XI:summary of reserches [R].The National Institute for EnvironmentalStudies.1981,(27):59-71
[9] Jin X C.Chinese lakes and environment s [M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1995[金相灿.中国湖泊与环境.北京:海洋出版社, 1995]
[10] Jin X C, Tu Q Y.Investigation criterion of lake eutrophication [M].Bei jing:Chinese Environment Science Press, 1999[金相灿, 屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999]
[11] Allen H E, Kramer J R.Nutrients in natural waters [M].London:John Wiley and Sons.1972
[12] Colterman H L.Physiological limnology [M].Amsterdam-Oxford-New York, 1975
[13] Zhong C H, Xing Z G, Deng C G.Preliminary study on three gorgedam impacting on the water quality of Yangtze River and Jialing Riverin Chongqing[J].Chongqing Environmental Science, 1994, 16(4):35-39[钟成华, 幸治国, 邓春光.三峡水库对长江、嘉陵江重庆城区段水质影响初探.重庆环境科学, 1994,16(4):35-39]
[14] Liu Y M, Jia S F, Jiang L W.A study on the impact of the ThreeGorges Reservoir on potential eutrophi cation in backwaters of tributaries of Chongqing section of Yangtze River [J].Geographical Research, 2003, 22(1):67-72[刘永明, 贾绍风, 蒋良维.三峡水库重庆段一级支流回水河段富营养化潜势研究.地理研究,2003, 22(1):67-72]
[15] Claude D B, Canfield D E, Bachmann R W.Seasonal Patterns ofChlorophyll, Nutrient Concentrations and Secchi Disk Transparency inFlorida Lakes [J].J.Lake and Reserv.Mannag,1998, 14:60-76
[16] Carlson R E.A trophic state index for lakes [J].Limnol Oceanogr,1977, 22(2):361-369
[17] Aizaki M.Application of modified Carlson' s trophi c state index toJapanese lakes and its relationships to other parameters related totrophic state [J].Res Rep Nati Inst Environ S tud.1981,(23):13-31[18] Cai Q H.On the comprehensive evaluationmethods for lake eutrophication
[19] Yin K H, Yuan H R, Ruan Y.Variation and correlation of envi ronmentalparameters in the water of Danjiangkou Reservoir [J].Resourcesand Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2001, 10(1):75-81[尹魁浩, 袁弘任, 阮娅.丹江口水库水质要素变化特征及其相互关系.长江流域资源与环境, 2001,10(1):75-81]
[20] Zhang S Y, Liu Q X, Hua L.Physicochemical characteri stics ofTaiping Reservoir [J].Acta Hdrobiologica Sinica, 2000, 24 (5):530-536[张水元, 刘衢霞, 华俐.太平湖水库水质的理化特征.水生生物学报,2000, 24(5):530-536]
计量
- 文章访问数:
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: