滩涂富营养池塘中浮游生物种群结构及其生态调控研究
STUDY ON THE PLANKTON COMMUNITIES AND ITS BIOMANIPULATION IN THE EUTROPHICATED BEACH PONDS
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摘要: 本文研究了种植芦苇和菖蒲,放养鲢,接种有益微生物对滩涂富营养水体藻类和浮游动物的群落结构、数量、生物量等。不同处理藻的种类有差异,对照和放养鲢水体无隐藻门和黄藻门,其他两处理都有7门。种植芦苇、菖蒲等水生植物以及接种有益微生物都可以使水体藻类多样化,减少蓝藻生物量比例。放养鲢水体藻类种数减少,提高了蓝藻生物量的比例,优势种群变为铜绿微囊藻、针状蓝纤维藻、线形棒条藻等。对照和放养鲢处理水体原生动物种类较多,其生物量比例较高;接种有益微生物水体浮游动物数量最多、生物量最大,以轮虫类和枝角类为主。接种有益微生物大幅度地降低生态系统中总氮、氨态氮、总磷的浓度,其含量分别是对照的57.1%、42.7%、57.9%;同时可以降低COD值,提高溶氧水平和透明度。总之,种植芦苇、唐菖蒲等水生植物或接种有益微生物可以改善水体微生态机构和生态结构。Abstract: This paper studied the influence of different treatments which were respectively＂Phragmitis and calamus planting＂,＂silver carp－ cultrure＂ and＂ EM- inoculation＂ on the communities, quantity and biomass of algae and zooplankton in the eutrophicated aquatic ecosystem along the coastal area. Algae species group was different in each treatment, there was no Xanthophyta and Cryptophyta in CK and silver carp-cultrure treatment water, but other treatment was 7 phylum of algae. Phragmitis and calamus planting, EM-inoculation diversified algae species and reduce Cyanophyta biomass proportion. Silver carp-cultrure reduced algae species but increased Cyanophyta biomass proportion, the dominant species group was Microcystis aeruginosa K?tz, Rhabdoderma lineare Schm. andDactulococcopsis acicularis Lemm., etc. There was more Protozoa species in CK and Silver carp-cultrure aquatic ecosystem than that of the other treatment, and protozoa biomass proportion was higher. Comparing with each treatment, the zooplankton density and biomass in＂EM-inoculation＂aquatic ecosystem was highest and the main communities was Rotifera and Cladocera. The treatment of＂ EM- inoculation＂ could decrease the aquatic ecosystem concentrations of TN, NH+4-N and TP obviously, which was respectively only 57.1%, 42.7%, 57.9% of these in CK. Meanwhile, it could decrease the COD while increased the dissolved oxygen and transparency of the water. In conclusion,＂Phragmitis and calamus hydrophyte planting＂and＂ EM- inoculation＂ could improve the aquatic micro- ecosystem and ecosystem．
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Keywords:
- Plankton /
- Eutrophicated beach ponds /
- Biomanipulation
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