兴凯湖翘嘴鲌种群结构的变化
POPULATION CHANGE OF CULTER ALBURNUS IN XINGKAI LAKE
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摘要: 兴凯湖是中俄界湖,1982年、1998年对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌捕获群体的生长、年龄进行研究.体重、体长关系式为:1982:W=0.01223L2.99743(r=0.9757,n=22)1998:W=0.007843L3.1011(r=0.974,n=258)生长方程为:1982: L= 103.157 (1 - e-0.1173(t+1.382)) W= 132.1252(1 - e-0.1173(t+ 1.382))2.99741998: L= 105.3910(1 - e-0.122(t+0.59705)) W= 15049.8555(1 - e-0.122(t+0.59705))3.1011在1982年渔获物中,4-11龄的性成熟鱼占5.0%,1998年占12.8%.1998年的渔获物中1龄幼鱼数量剧增,占38.7%,捕捞群体年龄结构严重低龄化,1998-2002年中国境内没有发现产卵汛场.Abstract: Our investigation showed that the natural population composition of Culter alburnus showed apparent variation in Xingkai Lake in recent years.In 1982,about 56% of fishing output was mature adults(4—11 years).But,in 1998,the proportion of 4—11 year-old fish was reduced dramatically to 12.8% and the adult fish could be captured only in the first ten-days of May.Meanwhile,about 38.7% of captured fish were 1-year young fish.Small young individuals increased and their growth became slow.The variation of growth can be described as following growth equations and body equations. The growth model of Culter alburnus in Xingkai Lake. 1982: L=103.1567 (1-e-0.1173(t+1.36826)) W=13266.1252 (1-e-0.1173(t+1.36826))2.9974 where L is body length (25.02—80.67cm) W is body weight (0.189—6.20kg) t is age (1—11 year-old.) 1998: L=105.3910 (1-e-0.1262(t+0.597065)) W=15049.8555 (1-e-0.1262(t+0.597065))3.10611 where L is body length (19.23—80.99cm) W is body weight (0.076—6.64kg) t is age (1—11 year-old) The relationship between body weight and body length of Culter alburnus in Xingkai Lake. 1982:W=0.01223L2.99743(r=0.9757,n=226,F=2495.93>F0.01(1,225)=6.82) 1998:W=0.007843L3.10611(r=0.9764,n=258,F=5224.17>F0.01(1,257)=6.74) The female Culter alburnus matures at 5 years old in Xingkai Lake.It lays floating eggs and the breeding date is about from the last ten-days of June to the middle ten-days of July.Mature adults migrate to spawning field in breeding season and spawn when continual wind and wave appears.Xingkai Lake is a boundary lake between China and Russia.On the side of China,Baiyutan beach was once the spawning field.But the breeding stock of Culter alburnus was not found from 1998 to 2002.
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Keywords:
- Xingkai Lake /
- Culter alburnus /
- Population composition /
- Growth
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Population biology of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva)in the Baoan Lake IV. Population dynamics [J]. Acta Hydrobio . Sinica , 2000,24 (5): 537-545 [张堂林,崔奕波,方榕乐,等.保安湖麦穗鱼种群生物学Ⅳ种群动态.水生生物学报,2000,24(5):537-545][17] Duan X B, Chen D Q, Liu S P. Studies on status of fishery resources in three gorges reservoir reaches of the Yangtze river [J]. Acta Hydrobiol.Sinica,2002,26(6):591-599[段辛斌,陈大庆,刘绍平.长江三峡库区鱼类资源现状的研究,水生生物学报,2002,26 (6) :591-599][18] Xie S G, Cui Y B, Li Z J. Studies on resource utility patterns of lake fish communtties :Progress and Methods [ J]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica,2003,27(1):78-84[谢松光,崔奕波,李钟杰.湖泊鱼类群落资源利用格局研究进展与方法.水生生物学报,2003,27(1):78-84] Chen Y Y. Fauna Sinica, Osteichthyes, Cypriniforme Ⅱ [ M]. Beijing:Science Press,1998,185-188[陈宜瑜,中国动物志,硬骨鱼纲,鲤形目(中卷).北京:科学技术出版社,1998,185-188][2] Luo Y L. Some clarifications on the cultrinae fishes of China [ J ].Acta Hydrobiol.Sinica,1994,18(1):45-49[罗云林.鲌属和红鲌属模式种的订正.水生生物学报,1994,18(1):45-49][3] Yue P Q, Luo Y L. Prelinary studies on phylogeny of subfamily cultrinae ( Cyprinformes: Cyprinidae ) [ J ]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica,1996,20(2):182-185[乐佩琦,罗云林.鲌亚科鱼类系统发育初探.水生生物学报,1996,20(2):182-185][4] Yin H B, Yin J S, Xu W. Nutritive composition in muscles of wild and cultural Culter alburnus [J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2003,10(1):82-84[尹洪滨,尹家胜,徐伟.兴凯湖翘嘴红鲌肌肉营养成分分析与评价中国水产科学,2003,10(1):82-84][5] Zhang D M. Fishery resources of Heilongjiang Province [ M]. Harbin:Heilongjiang Korea Nation Prss,1985,114-132[张觉民.黑龙江省渔业资源哈尔滨:黑龙江朝鲜民族出版社,1985,114-132][6] Zhu Z R. Study on feeding habit and population' s control of Culter mongolicus mongolicus and Culter alburnus in lake Donghu of Wuchang [ J]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica, 1976,6 ( 1 ): 38-49 [ 朱志荣.武昌东湖蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌的食性及种群控制问题的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1976,6(1):38-49][7] Xu P C. Discuss on biology and multiplication of Culter alburnus in Taihu Lake [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1984,8 (4): 275-285[许品诚.太湖翘嘴红鲌的生物学及其增殖问题的探讨[J].水产学报,1984,8(4):275-285][8] Yao W Q, Hu Y J, Wu X C. The propagation of white fish ( Culter alburnus)in Chaohu Lake [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1987,12(2):101-109[姚闻卿,胡菊英,吴先成.巢湖翘嘴红鲌的繁殖.水产学报,1987,12(2):101-109][9] Xion G S. An assessment of whitefish ( Culter alburnus) poptlation in Danjiangkou Reservoir and rational explotation of the resource [ J ].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,14(2):79-88[熊国胜.丹江口水库翘嘴红鲌资源评析与合理利用[J].水产学报,1990,14(2):79-88][10] Zhang J B. Analysis of clustering on growth of predatory fish guild in the Danjiangkou Reservoir [ J ]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica, 1999,23(6):689-695[张家波.丹江口水库凶猛鱼集团生长特性组型的聚类分析.水生生物学报,1999,23(6):689-695][11] Ren M L. Fishes of the Amur River [ M ]. Harbin: Heilongjing People Press,1981,111-115[任慕莲.黑龙江鱼类.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1981,111-115][12] Yin M C.Fish Ecology [M] .Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1995,34-63;73-76;171-182;188-218[殷名称.鱼类生态学.北京:农业出版社,1995,34-63;73-76;171-182;188-218][13] Yin M C . Natural mortality of early life stages of fish [ J ] . Acta Hydrobiol.Sinica,1996,20(4):363-372[殷名称.鱼类早期生活史阶段的自然死亡.水生生物学报,1996,20(4):363-372][14] Xie S G, Cui Y B, Li Z J. Ecological studies on lake fisheries on piscivorous fishes: Theory and Methods [J]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica,2000,24(1):72-81[谢松光,崔奕波,李钟杰.湖泊食鱼性鱼类渔业生态学的理论与方法.水生生物学报,2000,24(1):72-81][15] Zhao J W, Zhan P R, Long Y. The study the fishery bology of Erythro Culter dabryi shinkainesis in Xinkai Lake. Chinese Journal of Fishertes,2002,15(2):2l-25[赵吉伟,战培荣,刘永.兴凯湖兴凯鲌渔业生物学研究水产学杂志2002,15(2):21-25][16] Zhang T L, Cui Y B, Fang R L, et al. Population biology of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva)in the Baoan Lake IV. Population dynamics [J]. Acta Hydrobio . Sinica , 2000,24 (5): 537-545 [张堂林,崔奕波,方榕乐,等.保安湖麦穗鱼种群生物学Ⅳ种群动态.水生生物学报,2000,24(5):537-545][17] Duan X B, Chen D Q, Liu S P. Studies on status of fishery resources in three gorges reservoir reaches of the Yangtze river [J]. Acta Hydrobiol.Sinica,2002,26(6):591-599[段辛斌,陈大庆,刘绍平.长江三峡库区鱼类资源现状的研究,水生生物学报,2002,26 (6) :591-599][18] Xie S G, Cui Y B, Li Z J. Studies on resource utility patterns of lake fish communtties :Progress and Methods [ J]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica,2003,27(1):78-84[谢松光,崔奕波,李钟杰.湖泊鱼类群落资源利用格局研究进展与方法.水生生物学报,2003,27(1):78-84]
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