建鲤和异育银鲫摄食不同质量饲料时的氮收支和能量收支比较
COMPARATIVE STUDIE ON NITROGEN BUDGET AND ENERGY BUDGET OF JIAN CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO VAR.JIAN)AND GIBEL CARP (CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO)FED DIETS WITH DIFFERENT QUALITIES
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摘要: 实验探讨了建鲤和异育银鲫摄食低质和高质饲料时氮和能量的收支情况.低质饲料以豆粕为主要蛋白源,饲料蛋白含量为33.91%,高质饲料以鱼粉为主要蛋白源,饲料蛋白含量为45.59%.55d的生长结果显示,氮收支和能量收支受到饲料质量和鱼类种类的显著影响:摄食低质饲料时,建鲤的生长氮和生长能比例显著低于异育银鲫,排泄氮、排泄能和代谢能比例显著高于异育银鲫;摄食高质饲料时,两种鱼的氮收支和能量收支无显著差异;建鲤的氮收支和能量收支受饲料质量的显著影响,摄食低质饲料时,其生长氮和生长能比例均显著低于摄食高质饲料时,而排泄氮、粪能和代谢能比例均显著高于摄食高质饲料时;异育银鲫的氮收支、生长能和代谢能比例不受饲料质量的显著影响.结果表明,在低质饲料条件下,建鲤利用氮和能量的能力弱于异育银鲫,在高质饲料条件下,两种鱼没有显著差异.与异育银鲫相比,建鲤利用氮和能量的能力受饲料质量的影响更为显著.Abstract: A 552 day growth trial was conducted to investigate nitrogen budget and energy budget of Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var.jian)and Gibel carp( Carassius auratus gibelio) fed diets with different quality.Low quality diet (LQ diet)and high quality diet (HQ diet)were tested.LQ diet contained 33.91% dietary protein which is mainly from soybean meal while HQ diet contained 45.59% dietary protein which is mainly from fish meal. The initial average body weight of fishes was from 5.58g to 5.82g.The trial was carried out in a system consisting of 12 self circulation fiberglass tanks(volume:320L) with conical bottoms.During the experiment, dechlorined tapwater was added into each tank at the rate of about 500mL/min.Dissolved oxygen was maintained above 6mg/L,ammonia below 0.15mg/L and the temperature 28±1℃ . The photoperiod was 12hL:12hD with the light period from 8:00 to 20:00. The results showed that,when fed LQ diet,nitrogen intake was not significantly affected by fish strains while recovery nitrogen for growth in Jian carp was lower than that in Gibel carp.When fed HQ diet, nitrogen intake in Jian carp was lower than that in Gibel carp,while recovery nitrogen for growth was not significantly affected by fish strain. For Jian carp,nitrogen intake was not affected by diet quality, while recovery nitrogen for growth of fish fed HQ diet was higher than that fed LQ diet.For Gibel carp,nitrogen intake was higher in the fish fed HQ diet than that fed LQ diet while recovery nitrogen for growth was not affected by diet quality. There was no significant difference in food energy intake and assimilation energy in two fishes while growth energy in Jian carp was lower than that in Gibel carp when fed LQ diet.There was no significant difference in food energy, assimilation energy, growth energy and metabolism energy between two fishes when fed HQ diet.For Jian carp,food energy,assimilation energy,metabolism energy and faecal energy were lower while growth energy was higher when fed HQ diet than that when fed LQ diet.For Gibel carp,food energy,growth energy and faecal energy were lower when fed HQ diet than that when fed LQ diet while assimilation energy and metabolism energy were not affected by diet quality. Nitrogen budget and energy budget were significantly affected by both diet and fish strain. When fed LQ diet,the proportion of food nitrogen and energy deposited in growth in Jian carp was lower than those in Gibel carp while the proportion of excretion nitrogen,excretion energy and metabolism energy in Jian carp was higher than those in Gibel carp.There was significant difference in nitrogen and energy budget in two fishes when fed HQ diet.In Jian carp,nitrogen and energy budget was significantly affected by diet quality.The proportion of growth nitrogen and growth energy was significantly lower when fed LQ diet than that fed HQ diet while the proportion of excretion nitrogen, faecal energy and metabolism energy when fed LQ diet was significantly higher than that fed HQ diet. Nitrogen and energy budget in Gibel carp was not affected by diet quality. In conclusion, when fed LQ diet,the utilization of nitrogen and energy in Jian carp is poorer than that in Gibel carp. Compared to Gibel carp,the utilization of nitrogen and energy in Jian carp is more affected by diet quality.
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Keywords:
- Jian carp /
- Gibel carp /
- Nitrogen budget /
- Energy budget /
- Diet quality
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[1] Cui Y,Wang S,Liu X et al.Nitrogen budgets of young grass carp fed on plant or animal diets[J]. Progress in Natural Science (China),1991,1:466-469[2] Li J,Xu S H, Xue Y P. Effect of ration levels on nitrogen budget in juvenile black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus)[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1998,29(4):368-373.[李军、徐世宏、薛玉平.日粮水平对黑鲷幼鱼氮收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,1998,29(4):368-373][3] Sun Y,Zhang B,Guo X W et al.Effect of food Fish strain on energy budget of Pneumatophorus japonicus[J].Marine Fisheries Research,1999,20(2):96-100. [孙耀、张波、郭学武,等.鲐鱼能量收支及其饵料种类的影响.海洋水产研究,1999,20(2):96-100][4] Sun Y,Zhang B,Tang QS.Effects of tation level and food Fish strain on energy budget of Sabastodes fuscescens[J]. Marine Fisheries Research,2001,22(2):32-37.[孙耀、张波、唐启升. 摄食水平和饵料种类对黑NB048能量收支的影响.海洋水产研究,2001,22(2):32-37][5] Cui, Y,Liu J.Comparison of energy budget among six teleosts-Ⅲ. Growth rate and energy budget[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1990,97A:381-384[6] Zhang J S,Sun X Y.Bio-engineering breeding technique and the variety characteristics of Jian carp,Cyprinus carpio Var.jian[J]. Modern Fisheries Information,1997,12(3):20-24.[张建森,孙小异.建鲤生物工程育种技术及其品种特性.现代渔业信息,1997,12(3):20-24][7] Jiang Y G,Liang S C,Chen B D et al. Biological effect of heterologous sperm on gynogenetic offspring in Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1983,8(1):1-13.[蒋一NB028,梁绍昌,陈本德等.异源精子在银鲫雌核发育子代中的生物学效应.水生生物学集刊, 1983,8(1):1-13][8] NRC. National Research Council.Nutrient Requirements of Fish[M].Washington National Academy Press.1993.[9] Bolin D W,King R P,Klosterman E W. A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) when used as an index substance[J]. Science,1952, 116:634-635[10] Cui Y B. Bioenergetics of fishes;theory and methods[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1989,13:369-383[崔奕波.鱼类生物能量学的理论与方法.水生生物学报.1989,13:369-383][11] Carter C G. Brafield A E. The bioenergetics of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella:the influence of body weight, ration and dietary composition on nitrogenous excretion[J].J Fish Biol,1993,41:533-543[12] Beamish F W H,Thomas E Effects of dietary protein and lipid on nitrogen losses in rainbow trout[J],Aquaculture, 1984:41:449-451[13] Rychly J.Nitrogen balance in trout Ⅱ.nitrogen excretion and retention after feeding diets with varying protein and carbonhydrate levels[J].Aquaculture,1980,20:343-350[14] Ogino C,Chen M S. Protein nutrition in fish.Relation between biological value of dietary proteins and their utilization in carp[J]. Bull.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.,1973,39:955-959[15] Brett J R,Groves T D D. Physionogical energetics.In:Fish physiology. Vol.8 (W S Hoar,D J Randall, J R Brett,eds)[M].London: Academic Press, 1979,279-352[16] Pandian T J,Vivekanandan E. Fish Energetics,New Perspectives,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1985,99-124[17] Zhu X M,Xie S Q,Cui Y B.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the Gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Oceanologia et Limnlogia Sinica,2000, 31(5):471-479.[朱晓鸣、解绶启、崔奕波.摄食水平对异育银鲫生长和能量收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,2000,31(5):471-479][18] Xian W W,Zu X H.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the mullet Liza haematocheila (T. ES S.)[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(6):615-619.[线薇薇、朱鑫华.摄食水平对梭鱼生长和能量收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(6):615-619][19] Pandian T J,Vivekanandan E.Fish Energetics,New Perspectives Boltimore:The Johns Hopkins university press.1985,257-281 Cui Y,Wang S,Liu X et al.Nitrogen budgets of young grass carp fed on plant or animal diets[J]. Progress in Natural Science (China),1991,1:466-469[2] Li J,Xu S H, Xue Y P. Effect of ration levels on nitrogen budget in juvenile black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus)[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1998,29(4):368-373.[李军、徐世宏、薛玉平.日粮水平对黑鲷幼鱼氮收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,1998,29(4):368-373][3] Sun Y,Zhang B,Guo X W et al.Effect of food Fish strain on energy budget of Pneumatophorus japonicus[J].Marine Fisheries Research,1999,20(2):96-100. [孙耀、张波、郭学武,等.鲐鱼能量收支及其饵料种类的影响.海洋水产研究,1999,20(2):96-100][4] Sun Y,Zhang B,Tang QS.Effects of tation level and food Fish strain on energy budget of Sabastodes fuscescens[J]. Marine Fisheries Research,2001,22(2):32-37.[孙耀、张波、唐启升. 摄食水平和饵料种类对黑NB048能量收支的影响.海洋水产研究,2001,22(2):32-37][5] Cui, Y,Liu J.Comparison of energy budget among six teleosts-Ⅲ. Growth rate and energy budget[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1990,97A:381-384[6] Zhang J S,Sun X Y.Bio-engineering breeding technique and the variety characteristics of Jian carp,Cyprinus carpio Var.jian[J]. Modern Fisheries Information,1997,12(3):20-24.[张建森,孙小异.建鲤生物工程育种技术及其品种特性.现代渔业信息,1997,12(3):20-24][7] Jiang Y G,Liang S C,Chen B D et al. Biological effect of heterologous sperm on gynogenetic offspring in Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1983,8(1):1-13.[蒋一NB028,梁绍昌,陈本德等.异源精子在银鲫雌核发育子代中的生物学效应.水生生物学集刊, 1983,8(1):1-13][8] NRC. National Research Council.Nutrient Requirements of Fish[M].Washington National Academy Press.1993.[9] Bolin D W,King R P,Klosterman E W. A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) when used as an index substance[J]. Science,1952, 116:634-635[10] Cui Y B. Bioenergetics of fishes;theory and methods[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1989,13:369-383[崔奕波.鱼类生物能量学的理论与方法.水生生物学报.1989,13:369-383][11] Carter C G. Brafield A E. The bioenergetics of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella:the influence of body weight, ration and dietary composition on nitrogenous excretion[J].J Fish Biol,1993,41:533-543[12] Beamish F W H,Thomas E Effects of dietary protein and lipid on nitrogen losses in rainbow trout[J],Aquaculture, 1984:41:449-451[13] Rychly J.Nitrogen balance in trout Ⅱ.nitrogen excretion and retention after feeding diets with varying protein and carbonhydrate levels[J].Aquaculture,1980,20:343-350[14] Ogino C,Chen M S. Protein nutrition in fish.Relation between biological value of dietary proteins and their utilization in carp[J]. Bull.Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.,1973,39:955-959[15] Brett J R,Groves T D D. Physionogical energetics.In:Fish physiology. Vol.8 (W S Hoar,D J Randall, J R Brett,eds)[M].London: Academic Press, 1979,279-352[16] Pandian T J,Vivekanandan E. Fish Energetics,New Perspectives,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1985,99-124[17] Zhu X M,Xie S Q,Cui Y B.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the Gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Oceanologia et Limnlogia Sinica,2000, 31(5):471-479.[朱晓鸣、解绶启、崔奕波.摄食水平对异育银鲫生长和能量收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,2000,31(5):471-479][18] Xian W W,Zu X H.Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the mullet Liza haematocheila (T. ES S.)[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(6):615-619.[线薇薇、朱鑫华.摄食水平对梭鱼生长和能量收支的影响.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(6):615-619][19] Pandian T J,Vivekanandan E.Fish Energetics,New Perspectives Boltimore:The Johns Hopkins university press.1985,257-281
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