菲牛蛭消化系统的组织学和组织化学研究
HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMISTRICAL STUDY ON DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF POECILOBDELLA MANILLENSIS
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摘要: 利用解剖、HE和AB-PAS染色技术研究了菲牛蛭消化系统的形态结构及组织化学特征。结果表明, 菲牛蛭消化系统由消化管和单细胞唾液腺组成。消化管包括口、咽、食道、嗉囊、肠、直肠和肛门。口开孔于前吸盘腹中部, 口腔内有3片呈三角形排列的颚片, 颚片由辐射肌和横纹肌构成, 其脊上具单列细齿, 可切开寄主皮肤。单细胞唾液腺开口于颚片两侧的乳突上, 可分泌蛭素; 咽呈短球形, 由黏膜层、肌层和外膜构成,肌层发达; 食道短而窄, 黏膜层见少量杯状细胞和大量嗜酸性颗粒; 嗉囊两侧有10对侧盲囊, 最后一对侧盲囊最长且延伸至肛门两侧; 肠部尚无明显分化, 可细分为肠和直肠。肠前段腔内有多个盲囊状的细管, 形成 肠内盲囊, 黏膜层具较多腺细胞, 黏膜下层发达, 具丰富的血管和淋巴细胞; 直肠肠腔明显大于肠的肠腔, 褶皱高度明显比肠的低, 上皮细胞间可见少量杯状细胞。AB-PAS染色结果显示菲牛蛭消化管黏液细胞有4种类型: Ⅰ型被染成红色, Ⅱ型被染成蓝色, Ⅲ型染成紫红色, Ⅳ型染成蓝紫色。口腔部黏液细胞分布以Ⅳ型和Ⅲ型为主, 少量Ⅱ型与Ⅰ型黏液细胞, 咽部以Ⅲ型为主, 食道、嗉囊、肠前部以及直肠壁均无酸性和中性黏液细胞存在, 肠中后部以Ⅰ型为主, 肛门壁存在大量的Ⅱ型黏液细胞。讨论了菲牛蛭消化管结构特点与食性的关系等问题, 发现肠是菲牛蛭整个消化管最主要的消化和吸收场所, 且消化管特殊的结构特征决定了菲牛蛭主要以血液作为食物来源。Abstract: The current study investigated the morphological structure and histochemical characteristics of the digestive system of Poecilobdella manillensis. The results showed that the digestive system was consisted of digestive tract and unicellular salivary glands. Digestive tract includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, intestine, rectum, and anus. Mouth with three triangular arranged jaws inside opens in the central part of anterior sucker. These jaws, constituted by radiation and striated muscle and covered by single serration on ridge, can cut the skin of the host. Single-celled salivary glands opening on the mastoid on either side of the jaw secreted hirudin. The globose pharynx is mainly composed of mucosa, developed muscularis and adventitia from inside to outside. Esophagus is short and narrow with a few goblet cells and a large number of eosinophilic granules on the mucosa layer. There are 10 pairs of contralateral blind sac outstretched from both sides of crop, and the last and longest one extends to both sides of anus. The intestine is no obvious differentiation and can be subdivided into the intestine and rectum. There are several blind sac-like structures in intestinal front cavity, forming inner blind sac in intestine. Mucosa with more glandular cell and developed submucosa is rich in blood vessels and lymphocytes. Rectal cavity is obvious greater than intestinal lumen, while its fold height is lower than that of intestine. A few goblet cells can be seen between epithelial cells. According to AB-PAS staining, four types of mucous cells were observed in digestive system of the P. manillensis: typeⅠ(red), typeⅡ(blue), typeⅢ (purple reddish) and typeⅣ (blue purple). Mucous cells in oral cavity were dominated by type Ⅳ and type Ⅲ with a small amount of type and type Ⅰ. TypeⅢ cells were the major mucous cells in pharynx. There was no mucous cells in esophagus, crop, anterior intestine and rectum. Most of mucous cells in postmedian of intestine were of typeⅠ, but only typeⅡ in anus. We also discussed the relationship between the structural characteristics of the digestive tract of P. manillensis and the feeding habits.
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