溪流大小及其空间位置对鱼类群落结构的影响
EFFECTS OF STREAM SIZE AND SPATIAL POSITION ON STREAM-DWELLING FISH ASSEMBLAGES
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摘要: 2008年10月和2009年10月分别对黄山地区阊江流域与青弋江流域1-3级浅水溪流中鱼类群落结构进行了研究,着重探讨了溪流大小及其空间位置对鱼类群落空间分布的影响。研究共捕获35种鱼类,阊江和青弋江分别为26和29种,其Jaccard相似性系数为57.1%;两流域间每样点的物种数差异显著,个体数差异极显著。在溪流级别梯度(1-3级)下,鱼类的物种数和个体数都呈上升的变动趋势,且物种数的变化相对个体数较显著。综合相关分析、逐步多元回归分析与典范相关分析的结果,阊江和青弋江中鱼类物种数的空间变化主要与下游量级相关,而个体数的空间变化主要与水宽相关。因此,阊江和青弋江1-3级浅水溪流中鱼类群落结构的空间分布格局是溪流大小和空间位置的共同作用结果,且溪流大小和空间位置分别决定鱼类的个体数与物种数的空间分布。Abstract: The spatio-temporal pattern of stream fish assemblages and the causal mechanism are the basis for scientific protection and sustainable utilization of fish species diversity. Both habitat structure and spatial position of streams are the mechanisms determining fish assemblages by influencing environmental capacity and fish immigration-extinction rate, respectively. In this study, spatial pattern in fish assemblages were studied by specimens electro-fishing collected from shallow streams (1–3 orders) of the Chang and Qingyi Rivers in the Huangshan Mountain, Anhui Province, in October, 2008 and 2009 respectively, and the effects of stream size (width and depth) and spatial position (order, link, C-link, and D-link) on fish assemblages were analyzed. Among the 35 fish species collected wholly, 26 and 29 species were involved in the Chang and Qingyi Rivers, respectively, which suggested 57.1% of Jaccard’s similarity index in species composition between the two rivers. Species richness and abundance each site were 4.69 ± 3.56 species and 26.46 ± 22.83 specimens in the Chang River, and 6.26 ± 3.09 species and 119.06 ± 90.90 specimens in the Qingyi River. Species richness and abundance of each site was significantly different between the two rivers. Along upstream-downstream gradient in stream orders, both species richness and abundance increased, while significant difference was only observed in species richness but not in abundance. Stream width and depth were both significantly correlated with stream orders, suggesting the significant difference in width and depth among 1–3 orders. Two-tailed Pearson’s correlation analysis detected that the factors significantly influencing species richness were stream order and D-link in the Chang River, while stream width, stream order, link and D-link in the Qingyi River. This analysis also detected that those influencing species abundance were both stream width in the Chang and Qingyi Rivers. Stepwise multiple regression analysis discovered the significant effects of D-link (Chang), D-link and stream width (Qingyi) on species richness, but stream width (both Chang and Qingyi) on abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that stream width, stream order, link, and D-link significantly determined fish assemblages in the Chang and Qingyi Rivers. In conclusion, downstream link (D-link) and stream width were the dominant factors affecting the spatial patterns in fish species richness and abundance, respectively, which suggested that spatial pattern in fish assemblages from shallow streams in the Chang and Qingyi Rivers were resulted from the combined roles of stream size and spatial position.
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