三油酸酯-半渗透膜采样装置对有机氯农药的富集作用
ACCUMULATION KINETICS OF ORGANOCHLORINATED PESTICIDES BY TRIOLEIN-CONTAINING SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE DEVICES
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摘要: 在实验室流水条件下研究了林丹、艾氏剂、环氧七氯、4,4'-滴滴涕及六氯苯在三油酸酯-半渗透膜采样器(SPMDs)中的富集.所研究的种有机氯农药在SPMDs中富集迅速,动力学过程可以用线性关系描述,20d后富集系数达到100-18000.当暴露于接近天然水体浓度时(2μg/L),富集量能够达到对生物标记物研究制样量的要求,富集量大小顺序为六氯苯>4,4'-滴滴涕>七氯环氧>艾氏剂>林丹,与有机氯化合物的脂/水分配系数成正相关.初步研究结果表明SPMDs可以用来作为生物标记物测试的样品前处理手段,或替代水体生物进行微量或痕量有毒有机污染物的生物毒性监测.Abstract: There is a clear need for rapid,easy to use,effective and low-cost integrative methods that allow not only the direct monitoring of the fate and concentrations of trace level of chemical-contaminant mixture in the environment,but also an assessment of the hazard these chemicals pose to aquatic organisms and human health. Membrane-based passive samplers seem to be a promising tool for the time-integrated monitoring of hydrophobic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. In these devices the uptake of chemicals is based on the process of passive partitioning of a compound between water and a lipophilic solvent enclosed in a semi-permeable polymeric membrane. Thus,the passive samplers can be used as indicators of bioavailability of chemical pollutants. In this research,uptake kinetics of five organochlorinated pesticides,i. e. chlorines hexachlorobenzene,lindan,aldrin,heptachlor epoxide and 4,4'-DDT,by triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices(SPMDs)was investigated in a laboratory continuous flow system. Results showed that the concentration kinetics of the analytes by the SPMDs were linear during the exposure period of 20-d and the concentration factors were in the range of 1500—18000. At par per billion levels,the bioconcentration factors were positively corrected with the octanol/water partitioning coefficients. We conclude that SPMDs technology can be used to accumulate lipophilic organochlorinated pesticides from aquatic environment in a similar way as aquatic biota to a level sufficient for further biomakers research.
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Keywords:
- Triolein-SPMDs /
- Concentration /
- Organic chlorinated pesticides
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[1] Byrne B A,Aylott R I. Concentration for removing organic materials from aquatic systems[P]. British Patent:1566253.1980[2] Sodergren A. Solvent-filled dialysis membranes simulate uptake of pollutants by aquatic organisms[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1987,21:855-863[3] Huckins J,Petty J,Lebo J,et al. Comment on"Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by semipermeable membrane devices and Mytilus edulis in New Bedford Harbor"[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1997,31:3732-3733[4] Axelman J,Naes K,Naf C,et al. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and caged mussels(Mytilus edulis)in relation to water column phase distribution[J]. Environ. Toxico. Chem. 1999,18:2454-2461[5] Ockenden W A,Sweetman A J,Prest H F,et al. Toward an understanding of the global atmospheric distribution of persistent organic pollutants:the use of semipermeable membrane devices as time-integrated passive samplers[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1998,32:2795-2803[6] Herve S,Prest H F,Heinonen P,et al. Lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices and mussels as samplers of organochlorine compounds in lake water[J]. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 1995,2:24-30[7] Hofelt C S,Shea D. Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by semipermeable membrane devices and Mytilus edulis in New Bedford Harbor[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997,31:154-159[8] Strandberg B. The use of Semipermeable membrane devices in studies of concentrations,distribution and fate of organochlorine compounds in the environment[D]. 1998[9] Prest H F,Jacobson L A,Huckins J N. Passive sampling of water and coastal air via semipermeable membrane devices[J]. Chemosphere. 1995,30:1351-1361[10] Zheng J S,Ou C M,Pan L Q,et al. Semi-permeable membrane devices(SPMD)study for marine organicchloro-pesticid pollution monitoring[J]. Marine Environmental Science. 1999,18(1):19-23. [郑金树,欧春铭,潘荔卿等. 半渗透膜采样装置(SPMD)的海洋有机氯农药监测研究.海洋环境科学1999,18(1):19-23][11] Wang Y. Application of Triolein-Semipermeable Membrane Device Technology in the Aquatic Environmental Monitoring for Toxic and Organic Pollutants[D]. 1999. [王毅,三油酸酯-半渗透膜被动式采样技术应用于水中有毒有机污染物监测的研究,中国科学院生态环境中心,1999][12] Sodergren A. Monitoring of persistent,lipophilic pollutants in water and sediment by solvent-filled dialysis membranes[J]. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 1990,19:143-149[13] Prest H F,Jarman W M,Burns S A,et al. Passive water sampling via semipermeable membrane devices in concert with bivalves in the Sacramenta /San Joaquin River Delta[J]. Chemosphere. 1992,25:1811-1823[14] Meadows J C,Echols K R,Huckins J N,et al. Estimation of uptake rate constants for PCB congeners accumulated by semipermeable membrane devices and brown trout(salmo trutta)[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1998,32:1847-1852[15] Ma M,Shang W,Wang Z J,et al. The Toxicity Variation of Organic Extracts in Drinking Water Treatment Processes,Environmental Science. 22(1):49-52. Environmental Science,2001,22(1):49-52. [马梅,尚炜,王子健,等,饮用水处理流程中有机提取物的毒性变化规律,环境科学,2001,22(1):49-52][16] Huckins J N,Petty J D,Lebo J A,et al. Semipermeable membrane devices(SPMDs)for the concentration and assessment of bioavailable organic contaminants in aquatic environments[M]. Techniques in aquatic Toxicology. CRC-Lewis publishers. 1996,625-655[17] Niewolny L A,Villeneuve D L,Devita W M,et al. Assessment of nonpolar contaminants in water conservation area-2A of the Florida everglades using semipermeable polymeric membrane devices[R]. Third Annual SPMD Workshop and Symposium. U. S. Department of Interior,Columbia Environmental Research Center,Columbia,MO. 1995[18] Koistinen J,Lehtonen M,Tukia K,et al. Identification of lipophilic pollutants discharged from a finish pulp and paper mill[J]. Chemosphere. 1998,37:219-235 Byrne B A,Aylott R I. Concentration for removing organic materials from aquatic systems[P]. British Patent:1566253.1980[2] Sodergren A. Solvent-filled dialysis membranes simulate uptake of pollutants by aquatic organisms[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1987,21:855-863[3] Huckins J,Petty J,Lebo J,et al. Comment on"Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by semipermeable membrane devices and Mytilus edulis in New Bedford Harbor"[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1997,31:3732-3733[4] Axelman J,Naes K,Naf C,et al. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and caged mussels(Mytilus edulis)in relation to water column phase distribution[J]. Environ. Toxico. Chem. 1999,18:2454-2461[5] Ockenden W A,Sweetman A J,Prest H F,et al. Toward an understanding of the global atmospheric distribution of persistent organic pollutants:the use of semipermeable membrane devices as time-integrated passive samplers[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1998,32:2795-2803[6] Herve S,Prest H F,Heinonen P,et al. Lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices and mussels as samplers of organochlorine compounds in lake water[J]. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 1995,2:24-30[7] Hofelt C S,Shea D. Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by semipermeable membrane devices and Mytilus edulis in New Bedford Harbor[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997,31:154-159[8] Strandberg B. The use of Semipermeable membrane devices in studies of concentrations,distribution and fate of organochlorine compounds in the environment[D]. 1998[9] Prest H F,Jacobson L A,Huckins J N. Passive sampling of water and coastal air via semipermeable membrane devices[J]. Chemosphere. 1995,30:1351-1361[10] Zheng J S,Ou C M,Pan L Q,et al. Semi-permeable membrane devices(SPMD)study for marine organicchloro-pesticid pollution monitoring[J]. Marine Environmental Science. 1999,18(1):19-23. [郑金树,欧春铭,潘荔卿等. 半渗透膜采样装置(SPMD)的海洋有机氯农药监测研究.海洋环境科学1999,18(1):19-23][11] Wang Y. Application of Triolein-Semipermeable Membrane Device Technology in the Aquatic Environmental Monitoring for Toxic and Organic Pollutants[D]. 1999. [王毅,三油酸酯-半渗透膜被动式采样技术应用于水中有毒有机污染物监测的研究,中国科学院生态环境中心,1999][12] Sodergren A. Monitoring of persistent,lipophilic pollutants in water and sediment by solvent-filled dialysis membranes[J]. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 1990,19:143-149[13] Prest H F,Jarman W M,Burns S A,et al. Passive water sampling via semipermeable membrane devices in concert with bivalves in the Sacramenta /San Joaquin River Delta[J]. Chemosphere. 1992,25:1811-1823[14] Meadows J C,Echols K R,Huckins J N,et al. Estimation of uptake rate constants for PCB congeners accumulated by semipermeable membrane devices and brown trout(salmo trutta)[J]. Environ. Sci Technol. 1998,32:1847-1852[15] Ma M,Shang W,Wang Z J,et al. The Toxicity Variation of Organic Extracts in Drinking Water Treatment Processes,Environmental Science. 22(1):49-52. Environmental Science,2001,22(1):49-52. [马梅,尚炜,王子健,等,饮用水处理流程中有机提取物的毒性变化规律,环境科学,2001,22(1):49-52][16] Huckins J N,Petty J D,Lebo J A,et al. Semipermeable membrane devices(SPMDs)for the concentration and assessment of bioavailable organic contaminants in aquatic environments[M]. Techniques in aquatic Toxicology. CRC-Lewis publishers. 1996,625-655[17] Niewolny L A,Villeneuve D L,Devita W M,et al. Assessment of nonpolar contaminants in water conservation area-2A of the Florida everglades using semipermeable polymeric membrane devices[R]. Third Annual SPMD Workshop and Symposium. U. S. Department of Interior,Columbia Environmental Research Center,Columbia,MO. 1995[18] Koistinen J,Lehtonen M,Tukia K,et al. Identification of lipophilic pollutants discharged from a finish pulp and paper mill[J]. Chemosphere. 1998,37:219-235
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