灵昆岛围垦滩涂潮沟大型底栖动物群落和物种生态位分析
THE MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY AND NICHE ANALYSIS OF CREEKS IN DIKED TIDAL FLAT AT LINGKUN ISLAND, WENZHOU BAY
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摘要: 2003年11月至2004年8月,在浙江温州灵昆岛选取了1997年围垦的潮沟断面,进行了潮沟大型底栖动物群落和物种生态位研究。主要研究结果如下:共发现大型底栖动物33种,隶属于6门8纲20科,主要是软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物的多毛类;在潮沟的不同生境即草滩(GF)、边滩(BaC)和潮沟底(BoC),物种的组成和数量有所不同,草滩发现的大型底栖动物为18种,边滩23种,潮沟底13种。生物多样性的大小顺序为:Margalef物种多样性指数:BaCGFBoC;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数:BaCBocGF;Pielou均匀度指数:BoCBaCGF;Simpson优势度指数:GFBoCBaC。对定量取样中获得的21个物种进行了生态位宽度以及生态位重叠值分析,结果表明短拟沼螺、日本沙蚕和纽虫的生态位较宽。以密度4次开方数据为基础利用欧氏距离系数进行群落物种的系统聚类和非度量多维标度2维排序分析,发现21个物种可以分为3大类,即广布种、边滩种和偶见种。研究表明,物种生态位宽度、物种之间的生态位重叠值与物种的分布及数量密切相关,反映了物种对各种生境资源的利用能力的强弱。Abstract: From Nov. 2003 to Aug. 2004, the macrobenthic community and niche analysis at creeks in diked tidal flat in 1997 were studied at Lingkun Island, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The result showed: Altogether 33 species belonging to 20 families, 8 classes and 6 phyla were collected, most of which were arthropods and the mollusks. In different habitats of the creeks (the grass flat, the bank of creek and the bottom of the creek), the composition and abundance of the macrobenthos were different from one another. There were 18 species in the grass flat, most of the grass flat species were arthropods and mollusks, 23 species in the bank of the creek. Most of the bank species were arthropods, mollusks and polychaetes, and 13 species at the bottom of creek, most of the bottom species were crustaceans and arthropods. The Margalef. s species diversity index: BaC > GF > BoC; the Shannon-Wiener. s index: BaC> Boc > GF; thePielou. s index: BoC > BaC > GF; the Simpson. s index: GF > BoC > BaC. Based on the data of the four times extraction of the density of macrobenthic species using the Hierarchical Cluster of between-groups linkagemethod and the Non-matricMultidimentional Scalingmethod, the 21 specieswere classified in-to three groups: the widespread species, the familiar species at bank of creek, the rare species. The species of different groups had different niche overlap characters. The results revealed that the niche breadth and the niche overlaps reflected the species distribution, the quantity of characters and the species ability to utilize the environmental resource.
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Keywords:
- Macrobenthos /
- Niche /
- Niche breadth /
- Niche overlaps /
- Hierarchical cluster /
- Ordination
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