5种沉水植物的光合特征
THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FIVE SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS
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摘要: 以碘量法测定水中溶解氧的变化作为衡量沉水植物光合作用和呼吸作用变化的指标,研究了狐尾藻、金鱼藻、苦草、菹草和黑藻光合作用对光照的响应,比较了它们的光合能力及光合特征.不同光照强度下,供试材料的光合速率高低排列各不相同.种沉水植物的光合作用都表现出强光抑制现象,不同种类在高光强下光合速率下降的程度差异较大.狐尾藻等植株的下部可形成没有叶片的茎(非光合茎).这些茎不进行光合作用或光合作用很弱,其暗呼吸也只是光合部分的一半左右.具有非光合茎的种类可在较深的水体中生存.种沉水植物中,苦草对光的需求最低,适于在低光照条件的水下生长,不耐强光;狐尾藻和金鱼藻对光的需求最高,在上层有较强的竞争能力;菹草和黑藻对光的需求介于中间,最大光合产量出现在中层,可在水体中层形成优势.Abstract: With iodimetric analysis,the variations of the concentration of O2 in the water were measured to investigate the variations of photosynthesis and respiration of submersed aquatic plants including Myriophyllum spicatum,Ceratophyllum demersum,Vallisneria gigantean,Potamogeton crispus and Hydrilla verticillata,and to compare photosynthetic productivity and photosynthetic characteristics. Light compensation points of Myriophyllum,Ceratophyllum,Vallisneria,Potamogeton and Hydrilla occurred at 27.5,24.4,9.4,20.0 and 15.8 μmol/m2/s,respectively. Light saturation points were about 1000,1000,200,500 and 500 μmol/m2/s,respectively.Ranks of species in photosynthetic productivity were variable under different light intensity.Under 30μmol/m2/s light intensity the photosynthetic rate of Hydrilla was the highest,Vallisneria was the second,Potamogeton was the lowest. Under 200μmol/m2/s the photosynthetic rate of Hydrilla was the highest,Potamogeton was the second,Vallisneria was the lowest. Under 1 800μmol/m2/s the photosynthetic rate of Ceratophyllum was the highest,Myriophyllum was the second,Vallisneria was the lowest. Photosynthesis of 5 submersed aquatic plants were inhibited by high-light. Under 1 800μmol/m2·s light intensity photosynthetic rates of Myriophyllum,Ceratophyllum,Vallisneria,Potamogeton and Hydrilla were 26.3%,28.3%,80.8%,42.3%and 42.2%lower respectively than light saturated photosynthetic rates of them. The bottom of stalk of Myriophyllum,Ceratophyllum,Potamogeton and Hydrilla was no leaves,their photosynthesis was not or a little,and was non-photosynthetic stalk. Dark respiratory rates of non-photosynthesis stalks were about 19.1% to 55.1% of photosynthetic stalks’.It indicated that energy consumption of non-photosynthetic stalks was less than photosynthetic ones. Submersed aquatic plants with non-photosynthetic stalks can live in deeper water than those without non-photosynthetic stalks. Vallisneria had the lowest light requirement of the species examined. It could adapte to low light and could not tolerate high-light;Myriophyllum and Ceratophyllum adapted to high-light,they were dominant species in surface layer;Potamogeton and Hydrilla had middle light requirement of the 5 species examined,they were dominant species in the middle layer of the water body.
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Keywords:
- Submersed aquatic plant /
- Photosynthesis /
- Light /
- Photoinhibition
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