4 种不同脂肪源对太平洋鲑生长和体组成的影响
EFFECTS OF FOUR DIETARY LIPIDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION IN PACIFIC SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUY
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摘要: 在日粮中添加11.5%的4 种不同来源脂肪饲养180 尾初始重约为110g 的太平洋鲑(Oncorhynchus spp.)于水泥池中56d。实验分4 组,每组3个平行池,每池15尾鱼。研究日粮中4 种不同来源脂肪对淡水养殖太平洋鲑生长性能、体组成与品质的影响。4 组脂肪源分别为鱼油(实验1 组)、大豆油(实验2 组)、大豆磷脂(实验3 组)和玉米油(实验4 组)。实验表明:(1) 实验各组太平洋鲑存活率相似,但大豆磷脂组的特定生长率显著好于鱼油组、大豆油组和玉米油组(P0.05)。大豆磷脂组、大豆油组和玉米油组的饲料效益显著好于鱼油组(P< 0.05); (2) 大豆油组、大豆磷脂组和玉米油组太平洋鲑肠系膜脂肪与肝脏脂肪含量不同程度低于鱼油组,而肌肉中脂肪含量不同程度低于鱼油组; (3) 实验各组太平洋鲑肝脏脂肪、肌肉脂肪和肠脂中总多不饱和脂肪酸组成基本相似,但玉米油组、大豆磷脂组和大豆油组太平洋鲑总n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸比例较鱼油组显著下降,而总n-6 系多不饱和脂肪酸比例显著提高(P<0.05);(4) 玉米油组、大豆磷脂组和大豆油组太平洋鲑血浆中脂肪分解酶、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白指标较鱼油组不同程度上升;(5) 实验各组太平洋鲑解剖组织学检查未见异常病理变化。实验结果表明,淡水养殖条件下,太平洋鲑日粮中脂肪以添加大豆磷脂的生长性能最好,大豆油、玉米油和鱼油效果相似,添加玉米油、大豆磷脂和大豆油均不影响太平洋鲑健康状况和品质。Abstract: An 8-week growth experiment was conducted to test four lipids on Pacific salmon,Oncorhynchuy. The fishes(initial body weight ca.110g) in triplicate groups were fed with 11.5 % of each lipid included into basic diet in cement ponds. The results showed that the survival rate(SR)of each group was similar,but the specific growth rate(SGR)of fish fed soybean lecithin diet were significantly higher than that of other three lipid groups(P<0.05), more than 27%,23% and 21% to fish fed fish oil diet, soybean oil diet and corn oil diet, respectively. The feed efficiency(FE)of fish fed soybean lecithin diet, soybean oil diet and corn oil diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed fish oil diet(P<0.05). The contents of lipid in liver and mesentery of fish fed corn oil,soybean lecithin diet and soybean oil diet were in different degree lower than those of fish fed fish oil diet,but the contents of lipid in muscle were relatively higher than those of fish fed fish oil diet. The ratios of total polyunsaturated fatty acids(ΣPUFA)in lipid of liver,muscle and mesentery of fish fed four lipid sources were slightly different,but the ratios of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(Σ3-PUFA)in lipid of liver,muscle and mesentery of fish fed corn oil, soybean lecithin diet and soybean oil diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed fish oil diet and the ratios of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(Σ6-PUFA)were significantly higher than those of fish fed fish oil diet(P< 0.05). The indices of plasma of lipolytase(Lipa),cholesterol(CHOL),triglyceride(TG) and high density lipoprotein(HDL-C) in fish fed corn oil, soybean lecithin diet and soybean oil diet were in different degree higher than those in fish fed fish oil diet. No pathological changes were found in fish fed all four different lipid diets throughout the examinations of anatomy and histology. The experimental results indicate that soybean lecithin is optimal dietary lipid in Pacific salmon feeding with soybean oil and breeding in freshwater. Corn oil and fish oil showed same effect on the performance of growth.All four lipid diet did not show negative effects on health and quality to Pacific salmon.
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Keywords:
- Oncorhynchuy /
- Nutrition /
- Lipid /
- Growth
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