摘要:
应用正交法设计进行了三批草鱼种对钙、磷、镁、铁等无机盐元素需要量饲养试验.在此基础上又设计进行了两批以三池平行为一组的鉴别试验.经数理统计分析,获得了草鱼种饲料适宜混合无机盐含量,草鱼种对钙、磷等13种无机盐元素的适宜需要量,以及适宜比例.取得了比哈尔佛Halver氏鱼类营养盐(美国药典U.S.P.Ⅻ.No.2营养盐加哈尔佛微量元素)更适于草鱼种生长需要的新型混合无机盐.试验表明,对草鱼种生长影响比较大的无机盐元素是钙、磷、铁、硫、镁和钴.适宜的混合无机盐对草鱼种生长具有显著的促进作用,不适宜的混合无机盐或缺乏无机盐则草鱼种食欲差,生长缓慢,蛋白质效率低,出现营养缺乏症状.草鱼种对无机盐的需要表明,它不同于已有报道的大鳞大马哈鱼、斑点叉尾鮰、虹鳟、鲤、红海鲷、日本鳗、溪红点鲑,以及非鲫等.所作鱼体背肌、脊柱和血液的生化成分分析表明,第四、五批试验所养草鱼种与常规用草饲养的草鱼种基本一致.
Abstract:
The L16(42×29), L16(44×23)and L8(27)tables of the orthogonal design method were applied to the mineral requirements of juvenile grass carp in three series of feeding experiments. In order to obtain the mineral mixture formula with optimum culture effect, the differentiation tests using three parallel cement tanks as a experiment group were conducted in series 4 and series 5 of the rearing experiments. Average body weight of 10.1 g, 5.6 g, 4.4 g, 12.7 g and 75.8 g were employed in the experiment series 1—5.The test diets consisted of casein, dextrin, peanut oil, cellulose powder, vitamin mixture and mineral mix designed in the proper proportion. The feeding tests were conducted in the 3×2×1 m of cement tanks with slightly running water under condition of the water temperature 27.5—31.0℃, 26.0—30.8℃, 29.0—34.0℃, 24.1—31.5℃ and 11.8—25.5℃ in the sequence of the various series of tests. The results showed that adequate amount of mineral mixture was 9.7% of a dry diet for juvenile grass carp. The mineral elements requires in a diet for juvenile grass carp producing the maximal growth were found to be 32.6—36.7 mg calcium, 22.1—24.8 mg phosphorus, 15.5—17.4 mg sulphur, 4.1—4.6 mg iron, 1.8—2.0 mg magnesium, 0.04—0.05 mg cobalt, 0.02—0.03 mg copper, 0.04—0.05 mg manganese, 0.005—0.006 mg iodine, 0.44—0.50 mg zinc, 25.0—28.3 mg potassium, 7.7—8.7 mg sodium and 20.9—23.5 mg chlorine per 100 g body weight per day. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, iron, magnesium, cobalt and copper affected greatly the growth of grass carp fingerlings. The adequate ratio between main dietary elements was found to be approximately Ca/P/S/Fe/Mg= 18/12/9/2/1. The feeding experiments demonstrated the proper amount and ratio of minerals in a diet can remarkably promote growth of juvenile grass carp and dietary mineral deficiency can result in the development of anorexia, poor growth, low PER and a high mortality.The biochemical composition of dorsal muscles, vertebrae and blood from both the grass carp fingerlings fed on mainly grass and fed on test diet containing adequate minerals were shown to be conformity each other.
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