AGE AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF COILIA NASUS IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR REGION
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摘要: 为调查短颌鲚(Coilia nasus) 在三峡库区的资源现状, 自2019年7—12月于三峡库区的长江一级支流澎溪河、梅溪河、草堂河、大宁河共采集短颌鲚样本459尾, 用以分析三峡库区现有短颌鲚的年龄结构及生长特征。研究结果显示, 三峡库区短颌鲚群体由1—6龄组成, 1龄即可达性成熟, 群体中1—3龄个体占比90.85%; 群体平均体长为(16.57±0.21) cm, 平均体重为(19.14±0.78) g; 群体的体重-体长关系式为W=0.0038L2.957 (R2=0.99), 属于异速生长类型; 雌性的Von Bertalanffy生长方程为Lt=38.567[1–e–0.196(t+0.985)], Wt=183.029[1–e–0.196(t+0.985)]2.938; 雄性的Von Bertalanffy生长方程为Lt=34.711[1–e–0.26(t+0.603)], Wt=143.599[1–e–0.26(t+0.603)]2.995; 雌、雄性体重生长的拐点年龄分别为4.62龄和3.62龄。研究结果表明目前三峡库区短颌鲚属个体小型化群体, 年龄结构简单, 种群数量呈上升趋势, 且群体中雌性占比较高, 繁殖潜力充足。因此, 为保护三峡库区水域生态系统的安全与稳定, 需进一步开展有关短颌鲚对三峡库区水域生态系统的影响及其风险评价的研究。Abstract: Coilia nasus is one of the anchovy species that exclusively lives in freshwater environments, which has been increasing, and its distribution range has been gradually expanding in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region since it was first identified in 2015. Up to now, there was still no research on the resource status, ecological effects, adaptation strategies, and risk assessments concerning Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. In order to investigate age and growth characteristics of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, 459 individuals were collected from Penxi River, Meixi River, Caotang River and Daning River from July to December 2019. The results showed that the age of Coilia nasus ranged from 1 to 6, and sexual maturity was reached at the age of 1. The proportion of individuals aged from 1 to 3 years old was 90.85%. The average body length and average weight of sampled individuals were (16.57±0.21) cm (mean±SE) and (19.14±0.78) g (mean±SE), respectively. The relationship between body weight and body length could be expressed as W=0.0038L2.957(R2=0.987). The Von-Bertalanffy growth equations of female and male Coilia nasus were Lt=38.567[1–e–0.196(t+0.985)], Wt=183.029[1–e–0.196(t+0.985)]2.938 (♀) and Lt=34.711[1–e–0.26(t+0.603)], Wt=143.599[1–e–0.26(t+0.603)]2.995 (♂), respectively. The growth inflection points of body weight were 4.62 (♀) and 3.62 (♂). Moreover, these results indicated that Coilia nasus from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region belonged to a small individual population, which had simple age structure, upward trend in population number, high proportion of females, and abundant reproductive potential. Therefore, in order to protect the safety and stability of the aquatic ecosystem, further studies on the influences and risk assessments of Coilia nasus on the aquatic ecosystem of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region should be carried out.
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Keywords:
- Coilia nasus /
- Three Gorges Reservoir Region /
- Age /
- Growth /
- Population development trend
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图 1 三峡库区短颌鲚采样点示意图
Figure 1. Sampling sites of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
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图 2 三峡库区短颌鲚鳞片(A)和脊椎骨(B)两种年龄鉴定材料年轮特征示意图
A鳞片: a. 辐射沟; b. 第1年轮; c. 第2年轮; d. 鳞焦; B. 脊椎骨: 1—5. 年轮
Figure 2. Annuli characteristics of scale (A) and vertebrae (B) of Coilia nasus from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
A scale: a. scale groove; b. the 1st annual ring; c. the 2nd annual ring; d. scale focus; B bertebrae: 1 to 5. annual ring
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图 3 三峡库区短颌鲚的体长组成
Figure 3. Body length distribution of Coilia nasus samples from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
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图 4 三峡库区短颌鲚的体重组成
Figure 4. Body weight distribution of Coilia nasus samples from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
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图 5 三峡库区短颌鲚群体的年龄组成
Figure 5. Age composition of Coilia nasus population in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (n=459)
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图 6 三峡库区不同年龄组短颌鲚肥满度
字母不同表示不同年龄组之间存在显著性差异 (P<0.05)
Figure 6. Condition factor of Coilia nasus from different age groups in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
Values with the different letters indicate significantly different between different age groups (P<0.05)
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图 7 三峡库区短颌鲚的体重与体长关系
Figure 7. The relationship between body length and body weight of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
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图 8 三峡库区短颌鲚体长、体重生长曲线
Figure 8. The growth curve of body length and body weight of Coilia nasus in Three Gorges Reservoir Region
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图 9 三峡库区雌性、雄性短颌鲚体长生长速度和加速度曲线
Figure 9. Growth in body length as dL/dt and d2L/dt2 curves of female and male Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
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图 10 三峡库区雌性、雄性短颌鲚体重生长速度和加速度曲线
Figure 10. Growth in body weight as dW/dt and d2W/dt2 curves of female and male Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
表 1 三峡库区短颌鲚的采集信息
Table 1 Basic data of Coilia nasus from different sampling sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
采样点
Sampling site采样江段
Sampling section不同采样时间的采集样本数
Number of samples collected in different months样本总数
Total number of samples体长 Body
length (cm)
(mean±SE)体重 Body
weight (g)
(mean±SE)7月
July8月
August9月
September10月
October11月
November12月
December大宁河
Daning River重庆巫山段 11 20 14 51 33 4 133 16.57±0.48 20.65±1.93 草堂河
Caotang River重庆奉节段 16 16 18 47 31 3 131 18.54±0.39 25.99±1.44 梅溪河
Meixi River重庆奉节段 11 15 8 44 30 0 108 13.77±0.29 9.96±0.73 澎溪河
Pengxi River重庆云阳段 14 10 9 28 26 0 87 17.09±0.28 17.94±0.76 
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表 2 拟合三峡库区短颌鲚生长方程的数学模型
Table 2 Mathematical models describing the growth of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
模型名称
Model name体长生长模型
Body length growth function体重生长模型
Body weight growth functionVon Bertalanffy ${ {L} }_{ {t} }\text{=}{ {L} }_{\text{∞} }{[1\text{–}}{\text{e} }^{ \text{–}{k}\text{(}{t}\text{–}{ {t} }_{\text{0} }\text{)} }\text{]}$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }\text{=}{ {W} }_{\text{∞} }{[1\text{–}}{\text{e} }^{ \text{–}{k}\text{(}{t}\text{–}{ {t} }_{\text{0} }\text{)} }{\text{]} }^{ {b} }$ 
Gompertz ${ {L} }_{ {t} }\text{=}{ {L} }_{\text{∞} }{\text{e} }^{ \text{–}{k}{\text{e} }^{ \text{–}\text{a}{t} } }$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }\text{=}{ {W} }_{\text{∞} }{\text{e} }^{ \text{–}{b}k{\text{e} }^{ \text{–}\text{a}{t} } }$ 
Logistic ${ {L} }_{ {t} }\text{=}{ {L} }_{\text{∞} }{\text{/(1+e} }^{\mathrm{a}{\text{–}kt} })$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }\text{=}{ {W} }_{\text{∞} }\text{/(1+}{\text{e} }^{ { {\rm{a} }\text{–}}{kt} }{\text{)} }^{ {b} }$ 
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表 3 三峡库区不同采样点短颌鲚样本的年龄组成
Table 3 Age composition of Coilia nasus from different sampling sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
采样点
Sampling site1龄 2龄 3龄 4龄 5龄 6龄 样本数Individual 大宁河Daning River 60 36 18 5 9 5 草堂河Caotang River 39 17 55 18 1 1 梅溪河Meixi River 82 16 7 3 0 0 澎溪河Pengxi River 18 49 20 0 0 0
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表 4 三峡库区短颌鲚的相对生长率和生长指标
Table 4 Relative growth rate and growth index of Coilia nasus population in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
年龄
Age样本数
Individual体长Body length (cm) 体重Body weight (g) 均值Mean 相对生长率RL (%) 生长指标C1t 均值Mean 相对生长率RW (%) 1 199 12.15 6.35 2 118 17.35 42.78 4.33 17.54 176.18 3 100 20.96 20.80 3.28 31.54 79.86 4 26 22.97 9.58 1.92 41.29 30.91 5 10 26.78 16.61 3.53 64.15 55.36 6 6 30.35 13.33 3.35 97.28 51.65 合计Total 459
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表 5 三峡库区短颌鲚生长方程
Table 5 The growth functions of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
模型名称
Model name体长生长方程
Body length growth function体重生长方程
Body weight growth functionR2值 VBGF 群体: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{36.997[1}-{\text{e} }^{ {-0.217(}{t}\text{+0.855)} }\text{]}$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }=\text{164.998[1}-{\text{e} }^{ {-0.217(}{t}\text{+0.855)} }{\text{]} }^{\text{2.957} }$ 
0.94 ♀: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{38.567[1}-{\text{e} }^{ {-0.196(}{t}\text{+0.985)} }\text{]}$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }=\text{183.029[1}-{\text{e} }^{ {-0.0.196(}{t}\text{+0.985)} }{\text{]} }^{\text{2.938} }$ 
0.94 ♂: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{34.711[1}-{\text{e} }^{ {-0.26(}{t}\text{+0.603)} }\text{]}$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }=\text{143.599[1}-{\text{e} }^{ {-0.26(}{t}\text{+0.603)} }{\text{]} }^{\text{2.995} }$ 
0.94 GGF 群体: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{31.906}{\text{e} }^{ {-}\text{1.44}{\text{e} }^{ {-}\text{0.412}{t} } }$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }=\text{106.349}{\text{e} }^{ {-}\text{4.258}{\text{e} }^{ {-0.412}{t} } }$ 
0.94 ♀: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{32.511}{\text{e} }^{ {-1.414}{\text{e} }^{ {-0.390}{t} } }$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }=\text{110.766}{\text{e} }^{ {-4.154}{\text{e} }^{ {-0.390}{t} } }$ 
0.94 ♂: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{30.891}{\text{e} }^{ {-1.522}{\text{e} }^{ {-0.465}{t} } }$ 
${{W} }_{{t} }\text{=}\text{101.418}{\text{e} }^{{-4.558}{\text{e} }^{{-0.465}{t} } }$ 
0.95 LGF 群体: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{29.737/(1+}{\text{e} }^{ {0.965-0.613}{t} }\text{)}$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }\text{=}\text{86.362/(1+}{\text{e} }^{ {0.965-0.613}{t} }{\text{)} }^{\text{2.957} }$ 
0.94 ♀: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{30.018/(1+}{\text{e} }^{ {0.923-0.588}{t} }\text{)}$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }\text{=}\text{87.621/(1+}{\text{e} }^{ {0.923-0.588}{t} }{\text{)} }^{\text{2.938} }$ 
0.94 ♂: ${ {L} }_{ {t} }=\text{29.188/(1+}{\text{e} }^{ {1.045-0.677}{t} }\text{)}$ 
${ {W} }_{ {t} }\text{=}\text{85.577/(1+}{\text{e} }^{ {1.045-0.677}{t} }{\text{)} }^{\text{2.995} }$ 
0.94
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表 6 三峡库区雌、雄性短颌鲚理论体长与实测体长
Table 6 Theoretical and measured body length of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
年龄
Age雌性
Female雄性
Male理论体长 实测体长 样本数 理论体长 实测体长 样本数 Theoretical BL (cm) Measured BL (cm) Indivi-dual Theoretical BL (cm) Measured BL (cm) Indi-vidual 1 12.43 12.36 137 11.83 11.74 58 2 17.08 17.37 69 17.07 17.31 49 3 20.91 21.00 76 21.11 20.80 24 4 24.05 22.91 21 24.22 23.20 5 5 26.63 26.56 5 26.62 27.00 5 6 28.76 31.63 3 28.48 29.07 3
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