AQUATIC FOOD WEB OF THE HUN-TAI RIVER BASIN IN LIAONING BASED ON STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS
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摘要:
为探究辽宁省浑太河流域水生生物营养结构特征及其变化, 分别于2020年秋季(10月)和2021年春季(5月)对该流域开展渔业资源调查, 依据主要消费者及饵料生物样品的碳、氮稳定同位素值(δ13C和δ15N), 利用SIBER和MixSIAR模型分析渔获物群落营养结构的时空差异, 并初步构建该流域的食物网。结果表明, 主要渔获物的δ13C和δ15N值分别为–37.18‰— –19.28‰和7.98‰—16.51‰, 且季节性差异不显著(P>0.05), 但δ13C值空间差异极显著(P<0.01)。浑太河流域渔获物的营养级为1.71—4.39, 同种鱼类营养级具有极显著的时空差异(P<0.01)。与春季相比, 鱼类在秋季摄食的食物资源更丰富、所占的生态位更宽, 同时太子河的各项群落营养结构指标均优于浑河。基础食源分析结果表明水生植物与陆生植物分别为浑太河两个季度的主要碳源, 陆生植物和POM分别为浑河和太子河中鱼类的主要碳源。研究填补了对浑太河流域水生生物食物网及群落营养结构研究的空缺, 为该流域后续的保护、修复及进一步开发提供参考依据。
Abstract:In order to investigate the trophic structure characteristics and spatiotemporal variations of aquatic communities in the Hun-Tai River, an important branch of the Liaohe River, the fishery resources surveys were conducted in autumn (October) 2020 and spring (May) 2021. Based on stable isotope analysis, the δ13C and δ15N values of dominant consumers and basal food sources in the river were determined. Then the spatiotemporal variations of trophic structures and the contributions of the basal carbon sources to the aquatic food web were analyzed by SIBER and MixSIAR package. In our study, a total of 23 species of catches, belonging to 3 orders, 6 families, and 20 genera were collected. All the δ13C and δ15N values of the main catches ranged widely from –37.18‰ to –19.28‰, 7.98‰ to 16.51‰, respectively. There were no significant seasonal differences in δ13C and δ15N values (P>0.05). However, the δ13C values variations of spatiality were significant (P<0.01), and the carnivorous δ15N values were higher than omnivorous (P<0.05). The trophic level of catches, ranging from 1.71 to 4.39 in the Hun-Tai River, had extremely significant temporal and spatial differences (P<0.01). The comparison of the ecosystem trophic structure revealed that the food resources and ecological niche occupied by fish in autumn were higher and broader than that in spring, and all trophic structure indicators (NR/CR/TA/CD/NND/SDNND) of the Taizi River higher than those of the Hun River might be brought out by the higher degree of exploitation in the Hun River. In addition, the basal food sources analysis results supposed that aquatic plants and terrestrial plants were major carbon sources in autumn and spring, respectively. Meanwhile the terrestrial plants and POM were major carbon sources in the Hun River and Taizi River, respectively. This study of enriching the contents about food web in the Hun-Tai River provided references for the subsequent protection, restoration and further development, and accumulated basic data for the reconstruction of the river ecosystem in Northeast China.
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Keywords:
- Aquatic Food Webs /
- Stable Isotopes /
- Trophic Structure /
- Hun-Tai River
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图 1 辽宁省浑太河采样站点分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of sampling sites in the Hun-Tai River, Liaoning Province
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图 2 浑太河流域同种渔获物δ13C和δ15N值的时空差异
a为浑太河同种渔获物不同季节的δ13C和δ15N值; b为浑太河同种渔获物不同支流的δ13C和δ15N值; **表示差异极显著(P<0.01)
Figure 2. The spatiotemporal differences of δ13C and δ15N values of the same selected species in the Hun-Tai River
a. δ13C and δ15N values of the same selected species in different seasons in the Hun-Tai River; b. δ13C and δ15N values of the same selected species in different tributaries in the Hun-Tai River; **indicates highly significant difference (P<0.01)
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图 3 浑太河流域秋季和春季渔获物营养级图谱
Figure 3. Continuous trophic spectrum of catches in autumn and spring in the Hun-Tai River
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图 4 浑太河流域同种渔获物营养级的时空差异比较
**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)
Figure 4. The spatiotemporal differences of trophic level of the same selected species in the Hun-Tai River
** indicates highly significant difference (P<0.01)
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图 5 浑太河流域生物群落指标
a, b, c分别为浑河、太子河、浑太河不同季节鱼类生物群落指标; d为浑太河不同支流鱼类生物群落指标
Figure 5. The community-wide metrics in the Hun-Tai River
a, b and c represent the community-wide metrics in different seasons in the Hun, Taizi and Hun-Tai River respectively; d represents the community-wide metrics in different tributaries in the Hun-Tai River
表 1 浑太河生态系统碳、氮稳定同位素值
Table 1 δ13C and δ15N values in the Hun-Tai River ecosystem (n=343, x±SD)
种类Species 食性
Feeding habit秋季Autumn 春季Spring 样本量n δ13C (‰) δ15N (‰) 样本量n δ13C (‰) δ15N (‰) 䱗Hemiculter leucisculus Om 8 –24.33±0.85 12.94±0.71 10 –26.52±2.17 12.74±1.28 彩副鱊Paracheilognathus imberbis Om 5 –26.04±1.01 12.10±0.85 — — — 方氏鳑鲏Rhodeus fangi Om — — — 8 –27.40±2.59 11.76±2.52 高体鳑鲏Rhodeus lighti Om 13 –26.18±4.67 11.75±2.34 10 –25.65±2.06 12.22±1.37 大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus Om 16 –28.44±6.20 12.87±3.13 13 –25.04±1.57 12.37±1.58 麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva Om 12 –26.67±9.36 12.67±1.28 13 –23.27±1.97 13.06±1.1 黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis Om 3 –37.18±10.76 14.15±0.62 — — — 银Squalidus argentatus Om — — — 5 –20.53±0.54 10.87±0.47 亮银Squalidus nitens Om — — — 3 –24.52±0.29 11.48±0.37 清徐胡Huigobio chinssuensis Om 18 –22.16±4.12 11.82±1.75 7 –25.95±1.24 13.42±2.54 棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis Om — — — 7 –24.26±1.22 13.77±1.83 鲫Carassius auratus Om 36 –26.03±6.99 11.71±1.58 9 –25.11±1.82 11.06±1.84 北方须鳅Barbatula barbatula nuda Om 10 –23.95±0.53 9.00±1.02 9 –25.29±3.99 10.16±1.36 泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Om 7 –26.85±8.77 8.11±1.95 3 –24.27±1.25 9.80±1.65 日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense Om 7 –22.62±1.63 12.03±1.89 6 –24.61±1.73 12.29±2.77 中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis Om 5 –25.52±0.41 7.98±2.02 — — — 宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus He 22 –23.66±2.48 12.18±1.76 19 –24.21±3.24 10.55±2.39 鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix He 4 –30.10±7.01 10.57±1.22 — — — 拉氏鱥Rhynchocypris lagowskii Ca 17 –22.67±3.18 10.59±3.65 18 –22.89±3.24 10.55±2.39 抚顺Gobio fushunensis Ca — — — 3 –25.95±0.73 8.72±0.74 兴凯银Squalidus chankaensis Ca 5 –19.28±0.27 11.96±0.16 — — — 小黄䱂Micropercops swinhonis Ca 6 –34.66±10.89 13.02±0.97 3 –25.55±0.24 16.51±1.49 纹缟虾虎鱼Tridentiger trigonocephalus Ca — — — 3 –26.06±0.43 14.64±0.71 浮游植物Phytoplankton 8 –26.75±1.89 4.12±0.76 8 –25.49±1.55 2.34±0.83 浮游动物Zooplankton 8 –26.38±1.80 5.19±1.71 8 –26.12±2.52 9.25±0.73 颗粒有机物Particulate organic matter 8 –26.28±1.76 4.97±2.45 8 –26.52±1.55 2.97±0.62 陆生植物Terrestrial plant 9 –30.57±4.56 7.06±2.86 4 –28.37±0.95 4.45±1.39 水生植物Aquatic plant 15 –25.55±3.63 6.90±1.61 18 –29.33±2.27 5.02±2.30 着生藻类Periphytic algae 5 –21.89±3.33 1.65±0.84 6 –24.09±3.09 5.18±1.43 注: Om、He和Ca 分别表示杂食性, 植食性和肉食性; “—”表示无相关数据Note: Om, He and Ca indicate omnivore, herbivore and carnivore, respectively. “—” indicates no data 
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表 2 浑太河流域不同季度鱼类基础食物碳源贡献率[均值(5%—97.5%置信区间)]
Table 2 The contribution rate of basic food carbon sources of fish in the Hun-Tai River in different seasons (mean proportion with 5% and 97.5% confidence intervals)
种类
Species秋季Autumn (%) 春季Spring (%) 浮游植物
Phytoplankton陆生植物
Terrestrial plantPOM 水生植物
Aquatic plant着生藻类
Periphytic algae浮游植物
Phytoplankton陆生植物
Terrestrial plantPOM 水生植物
Aquatic plant着生藻类
Periphytic algae䱗Hemiculter leucisculus 15.4
(0.3—66.5)29.3
(5.1—72)11.9
(1—59.1)26.6
(3.1—78.4)16.7
(1.1—66.4)16.3
(0.5—66.8)41.5
(10.1—85.1)11.5
(0.4—55.3)17.1
(0.3—67.9)13.6
(0.6—52.8)彩副鱊Paracheilognathus imberbis 16.5
(0.4—64.6)24.7
(3.5—66.2)12.3
(1.3—55.7)29.9
(3.4—79.9)16.6
(0.9—71.4)方氏鳑鲏Rhodeus fangi 17
(0.5—69.2)42.6
(9.7—88.3)12.5
(0.3—57.4)18.4
(0.3—72)9.6
(0.5—37.8)高体鳑鲏Rhodeus lighti 8.4
(0.2—52.8)13.2
(0.6—57.6)5.3
(0.3—35.2)61.9
(12.4—96.7)11.1
(0.3—57.2)18
(0.4—71.5)32.2
(8.1—78.5)13.2
(0.3—59.4)18.4
(0.3—72.4)18.2
(1.1—51.8)大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus 12.9
(0.4—67)41.7
(8.6—86)9
(0.5—49.7)21.7
(1.8—78)14.6
(0.8—62.6)17.7
(0.4—69.1)31.6
(7.8—70.9)14
(0.4—56.6)17.6
(0.3—67.8)19.1
(1.4—56.1)麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva 11.7
(0.4—58.7)25.2
(3—72.2)6.6
(0.4—39.9)40.7
(4.3—90.2)15.8
(0.7—69.9)15.6
(0.3—65.4)25.4
(6.3—63.4)10.6
(0.4—45.2)16.4
(0.3—66.7)32
(2.5—71.4)黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis 4.9
(0.1—34.4)2.8
(0.1—14.6)2.4
(0.1—14.6)82.9
(47.2—98.9)7
(0.2—44.7)银Squalidus argentatus 19.1
(0.6—71.4)12.1
(2.1—40.7)13.1
(0.3—57.9)18.3
(0.3—72.6)37.4
(3.2—86.1)亮银Squalidus nitens 19.5
(0.8—72.1)25.5
(4.3—71.4)15.3
(0.5—67.3)19.9
(0.3—74.2)19.8
(1—61.5)清徐胡Huigobio chinssuensis 14.3
(0.5—69.7)23.2
(2.9—65.8)9.8
(0.8—57.2)33.5
(3.5—86.2)19.1
(1.1—73.3)16.3
(0.3—63.7)44.7
(11.8—85)11.8
(0.3—57.8)16.6
(0.3—65.8)10.6
(0.5—37.8)棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis 16.8
(0.4—63.3)34.9
(10.1—77.6)11.3
(0.3—48.6)16.2
(0.3—64.5)20.8
(1.1—59.7)鲫Carassius auratus 14.8
(0.5—66.1)19.7
(2.6—59.6)8.7
(0.9—45.5)39.7
(6.7—85.9)17.1
(0.9—74.7)20.6
(0.5—76)22.8
(3.9—64)15.4
(0.4—67.4)21.4
(0.3—74.1)19.8
(1.4—65.9)北方须鳅Carassius auratus 17
(1—49.9)14.1
(3.1—42.5)12.5
(3.1—35)36.2
(12.1—74.3)20.1
(2.4—64.6)18
(0.7—51.5)23.7
(11.6—55.1)12.6
(0.9—39.5)18.9
(0.7—53.1)26.8
(2.5—64.9)泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 24.2
(0.5—77)7.5
(0.6—32.1)22.3
(1.3—70.1)23.1
(2.1—73)23
(0.9—86.2)22.4
(0.6—82.3)17.7
(2.3—60.5)16.7
(0.3—73.4)19.7
(0.3—74.6)23.5
(1.1—73)宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus 12.1
(0.4—50.2)27.4
(4.2—70.4)9.5
(0.7—52.4)33.3
(5—84.1)17.7
(1—74.2)15.6
(0.4—61.2)17.6
(4.1—50.8)10.8
(0.5—46.5)18.3
(0.3—77.2)37.6
(3.1—77.8)鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 18.7
(0.5—71.5)15.9
(1.1—56.8)13.3
(1.1—54.6)35.1
(3.3—85.3)17
(0.8—74.9)拉氏鱥Rhynchocypris lagowskii 12.1
(0.4—59.4)20.5
(2.4—63.4)9.5
(0.9—53.1)37.7
(4.4—86.4)20.3
(1—75.1)20.2
(0.4—80.2)11.2
(1.9—41)11.3
(0.4—47)18.9
(0.3—73.5)38.4
(2.6—83.9)抚顺Gobio fushunensis 21.8
(0.5—80)20.6
(1.6—72.1)18.1
(0.3—84.9)22.5
(0.3—81.1)17
(0.6—71.6)兴凯银Squalidus chankaensis 9.6
(0.4—59.4)14.3
(0.8—58.1)6.7
(0.5—39)52.6
(5.5—94.9)16.7
(0.6—70)小黄䱂Micropercops swinhonis 14.3
(0.4—67.5)28.3
(2.9—79.2)9.6
(0.7—53.7)32
(2.7—89.4)15.7
(0.9—69.1)14.8
(0.4—62.1)50.8
(16.6—87.5)10.1
(0.3—47.9)14.5
(0.3—63.2)9.8
(0.5—36.3)纹缟虾虎鱼Tridentiger trigonocephalus 16.7
(0.5—66.5)44.7
(11.1—86.5)11.1
(0.3—50.9)16.5
(0.3—68.9)11.1
(0.5—40.8)
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