DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND HABITAT ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BRACHYMYSTAX TSINLINGENSIS LARVAL FISH
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摘要:
为揭示秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tsinlingensis)仔稚鱼分布模式及其环境驱动因子, 从而推测产卵场并为该物种早期资源保护提供研究基础。研究选取陕西陇县秦岭细鳞鲑国家级自然保护区内蒲峪河及其支流木拉石沟河作为研究样地, 并设定100个样点(2 m×2 m)作为详细抽样调查生境。研究发现: (1)分布在支流的仔稚鱼数量显著多于干流(P<0.05); (2)仔稚鱼种群数量随海拔变化呈先增后降的趋势, 在干流与支流的最适分布海拔分别是1460和1446 m; (3)仔稚鱼分布的环境驱动因子在干流与支流不尽相同, 干流仔稚鱼数量与流速和青苔数量显著负相关(P<0.05)、与石蛾幼虫数量显著正相关(P<0.05), 支流仔稚鱼数量与流速显著负相关(P<0.05)、与蝌蚪和石蛾幼虫数量显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究揭示了秦岭细鳞鲑仔稚鱼分布模式及其栖息地环境特征, 并构建了栖息地各类环境驱动因子关系网络热图。研究结果可为秦岭细鳞鲑仔稚鱼种群调研与监测、栖息地适宜性评估、保护及生态修复提供必要且亟需的科学依据。
Abstract:Qinling lenok Brachymystax tsinlingensis, a threatened salmonid species endemic to the Qinling Mountain Range, is currently experiencing a population decline and holds the status of a second-class state-protected wild animal in China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals. Scientific and effective investigation and assessment of the population size of this species have been lacking for an extended period, along with systematic research on the distribution patterns of its larval fish and the environmental characteristics of its habitats. This study aims to elucidate the distribution patterns of larval B. tsinlingensis and the environmental drivers, thereby providing a research basis for early resource conservation efforts for the species. In this study, the trunk stream Puyu River and its tributary Mulashigou River in the Qinling Lenok National Nature Reserve, Longxian, Shaanxi Province, China, were selected as the study sites. 100 sample squares (2 m×2 m) were set up as detailed sampling habitats. The results showed that: (1) The number of larval B. tsinlingensis distributed in tributary was significantly higher than that in the trunk stream (P<0.05). (2) The population size of larval B. tsinlingensis showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with altitude. The optimal distribution altitudes in the trunk stream and tributary were 1460 and 1446 m, respectively. (3) Environmental drivers influencing larval B. tsinlingensis distribution varied between the trunk stream and tributary, with larval B. tsinlingensis abundance in trunk stream significantly negatively correlated (P<0.05) with flow velocity and green moss abundance, while positively correlated (P<0.05) with larval caddis worm abundance. In contrast, larval B. tsinlingensis abundance was significantly negatively correlated (P<0.05) with flow velocity and positively correlated (P<0.05) with tadpole and larval caddis worm abundance in the tributary. This study revealed the distribution patterns of larval B. tsinlingensis and the environmental characteristics of their habitats. Additionally, it constructed a heat map illustrating the relationships between various environmental drivers in larval B. tsinlingensis habitats. These findings will provide the necessary scientific basis for the investigation and monitoring of Qinling lenok populations, as well as for habitat suitability assessment, conservation, and ecological restoration for this species.
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图 3 秦岭细鳞鲑仔稚鱼数量分布在干流与支流的比较(平均值±标准误)
不同大写字母表示干流与支流差异显著(P<0.05)
Figure 3. Distribution of larval Brachymystax tsinlingensis population in the trunk stream vs. tributary (mean±SE)
Different capital letters indicate significant differences between the trunk stream and tributary (P<0.05)
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图 4 秦岭细鳞鲑仔稚鱼在不同海拔的分布
Figure 4. Distribution of larval Brachymystax tsinlingensis at different altitudes
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图 5 干流和支流各底质类型的占比
Figure 5. Percentage of each substrate type in trunk stream and tributary
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图 6 底质对秦岭细鳞鲑仔稚鱼数量分布的影响(平均值±标准误)
图中小写字母相同表示干流不同底质间无显著差异(P>0.05), 大写字母不同表示支流不同底质间差异显著(P<0.05)
Figure 6. Effects of substrate on the number of larval Brachymystax tsinlingensis population (mean±SE)
The same lowercase letter indicates no significant difference among different substrates in the trunk stream (P>0.05), and different capital letters indicate significant differences among different substrates in the tributary (P<0.05)
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图 7 干流秦岭细鳞鲑仔稚鱼栖息地不同环境驱动因子之间的相关性
1. 秦岭细鳞鲑仔鱼Brachymystax tsinlingensis; 2. 海拔Altitude; 3. 温度Temperature; 4. 流速Flow velocity; 5. 河宽River width; 6. 河深River depth; 7. 拉氏鱥Phoxinus lagowskii; 8. 蝌蚪Tadpole; 9. 石蛾幼虫Caddis worm; 10. 鳅Cobitidae; 11. 青苔Green moss; 12. 野草Weed*代表不同环境驱动因子之间显著相关(*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001); 下同
Figure 7. Correlations in different environmental factors of larval Brachymystax tsinlingensis habitat in trunk stream
* represent significant correlations in different environmental drivers (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001); the same applies below
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图 8 支流秦岭细鳞鲑仔稚鱼栖息地不同环境驱动因子之间的相关性
Figure 8. Correlations in different environmental factors of larval Brachymystax tsinlingensis habitat in tributary
表 1 环境驱动因子与仔稚鱼数量分布的相关性水平(P值)
Table 1 Level of correlation (P-value) between environmental factor and the number of larval Brachymystax tsinlingensis population
海拔
Altitude温度
Temperature流速
Flow
velocity河宽
River
width河深
River
depth拉氏鱥
Phoxinus
lagowskii蝌蚪
Tadpole石蛾幼虫
Caddis
worm鳅
Cobitidae青苔
Green
moss野草
Weed干流
Trunk stream0.025 0.031 0.039 0.455 0.075 0.820 0.306 <0.001 0.566 0.001 0.405 支流
Tributary<0.001 <0.001 0.005 0.948 0.363 0.058 0.013 0.049 0.314 0.900 0.748 
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