DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES ON DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
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摘要:
研究选用刺苦草(Vallisneria spinulosa)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)分别代表底层型、冠层少根型和冠层多根型沉水植物, 通过中宇宙实验, 探索不同功能型沉水植物在生长过程中水柱和沉积物中溶解氧(DO)浓度及其相关指标的差异。实验结果表明: 不同处理组水柱DO浓度存在显著差异, 空白组水柱DO浓度显著低于植物处理组, 且空白组水柱总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度降低程度最少; 黑藻组比叶面积、叶面积指数、净增长生物量、相对生长速率和水柱DO浓度最大, 能够有效降低水柱TP和TN浓度; 穗花狐尾藻组株高最高, 提升水柱DO浓度显著高于刺苦草, 水柱TP降低程度最大; 刺苦草组比根长、单株总根长和根冠比最大, 提升沉积物深度6 cm以内的DO效果最好, 沉积物铁含量最高, 沉积物总氮(TN)、总碳(TC)含量和间隙水总溶解性磷(TDP)浓度最低。在修复富营养湖泊过程中, 可根据水和沉积物缺氧状况, 合理配置底层型和冠层型沉水植物, 构建释氧能力较强的群落, 从沉积物表层到水柱上层均为湖泊提供充足的氧气, 从而更加有利于清水态的形成。
Abstract:The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in lakes decreases due to eutrophication and climate warming. However, submerged macrophytes can release oxygen through photosynthesis, effectively increasing DO levels in lakes. The process can induce changes in the physicochemical properties of the water column and sediment, subsequently impacting the ecosystem. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine the differences in dissolved oxygen and related indexes in water column and sediment across different functional types of submerged macrophytes. Vallisneria spinulosa was assigned to bottom-dwelling species, Hydrilla verticillata was assigned to less rooted canopy-forming species, while Myriophyllum spicatum was assigned to more rooted canopy-forming species. The results showed that significant differences in water column DO among treatment groups. The blank group had significantly lower water column DO compared to the plant treatment group, and it exhibited the least reduction in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water column. The specific leaf area, leaf area index, net growth biomass, total biomass, relative growth rate and water column DO of H. verticillata were the largest, which can effectively reduce the concentration of TP and TN in the water column. The plant height of M. spicatum was the highest, and its ability to elevate water column DO was significantly higher than that of spiny bittercress, with the greatest reduction in water column TP. V. spinulosa had the largest specific root length, total root length per individual and root shoot ratio among the 3 species. It significantly increased DO concentration in the sediment up to a depth of 6 cm. Additionally, V. spinulosa had the highest sediment iron content and the lowest sediment total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC) content and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in interstitial water. Therefore, we suggest diverse functional submerged macrophyte types were constructed in the restoration of eutrophic lakes, such as combing bottom-dwelling and canopy-forming species, since it would be conducive to the formation of clear water state.
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Keywords:
- Functional types /
- Submerged macrophytes /
- Dissolved oxygen /
- Environmental effects /
- Canopy /
- Root system
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图 1 三种植物在收获时的比叶面积(A)、叶面积指数(B)、比根长(C)和单株总根长(D)
菱形箱线图内点表示均值点, 上、下短横线表示最大值、最小值, 菱形箱线图右边为数据点具体分布情况。图中字母a、b和c表示显著性差异, P<0.05时显著; 下同
Figure 1. Specific leaf area (A), leaf area index (B), specific root length (C) and total root length per individual (D) of the three plants at harvest
The points inside the diamond box plot indicate the mean points, the upper and lower short horizontal lines indicate the maximum and minimum values, and the right side of the diamond box plot shows the specific distribution of data points. Letters a, b and c in the graph indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same applies below
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图 2 三种植物的株高(A)、根冠比(B)、生物量(C)、和RGR(D, 相对生长速率)
DW1表示净增长生物量(干重), DW2表示初始生物量(干重)
Figure 2. Plant height (A), root shoot ratio (B), biomass (C) and relative growth rate (RGR) (D) of the three plants
DW1 represents the net increase biomass (dry weight) and DW2 represents the initial biomass (dry weight)
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图 3 各组水柱(A)和沉积物(B)中溶解氧浓度
Figure 3. Dissolved oxygen in water column (A) and sediment (B) of each treatment
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图 4 各组水柱总磷(TP)(A)、总氮(TN)(B)和水柱叶绿素a (Chl.a) (C)初始与实验结束对比柱状图
Figure 4. Histograms of initial vs end-of-experiment comparison of water column TP (A), TN (B) and water column Chl.a (C) for each treatment group
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图 5 间隙水总溶解磷(TDP)(A)、沉积物总磷(TP)(B)、总氮(TN)(C)、总碳(TC)(D)、总铁(E)和其他金属元素含量(F)
Figure 5. Contents of interstice water TDP (A), sediment total phosphorus (B), total nitrogen (C), total carbon (D), total iron (E) and other metal elements (F)
表 1 植物指标计算公式
Table 1 Calculation formulas of plant index
公式Formula 说明Instruction 参考文献 Reference $\text{SLA}{(}{\text{m} }^{{2} }\text{/g)=}\displaystyle\frac{\text{LA} }{\text{LB} }$ 比叶面积Specific leaf area (SLA, m2/g) [25] 单株叶面积Leaf area per plant (LA, m2) 叶生物量(干重)Leaf biomass (dry weight; LB, g) $\text{SRL}{({\rm{m}}/{\rm{g}})=}\displaystyle\frac{\text{RL} }{\text{RB} }$ 比根长Specific root length (SRL, m/g) [26] 根长Root length (RL, m) 根生物量(干重)Root biomass (dry weight; RB, g) $\text{RGR}{(\text{%})}\text{=}\\\displaystyle\frac{\text{ln}\left({ {W} }_{\text{2} }\right)-\text{ln}({ {W} }_{ {1} }{)} }{ { {t} }_{ {2} }{-}{ {t} }_{ {1} } } \\\times 100$ 相对生长速率Relative growth rate (RGR, %) [27] 初始植物干重Plant dry weight at start (W1, g) 收获时植物干重Plant dry weight at end (W2, g) 实验开始时间Start time (t1, d) 实验结束时间End time (t2, d) $\text{RSR}\text{(g/g)=}\displaystyle\frac{\text{RB} }{\text{SB} }$ 根冠比Root shoot ratio (RSR, g/g) [28] 地下生物量(干重)Root biomass (dry weight; RB, g) 地上生物量(干重) Shoot biomass (dry weight; SB, g) $\text{LAI}{(}{\text{m} }^{\text{2} }{\text{/m} }^{\text{2} }{)=}\displaystyle\frac{\text{TLA} }{\text{SA} }$ 叶面积指数Leaf area index (LAI, m2/m2) [29] 叶片总面积Total leaf area (TLA, m2) 底泥面积Soil area (SA, m2) 
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