SPATIO-TEMPORAL NICHE OF PHYTOPLANKTON DOMINANT SPECIES IN JIANGSU SECTION OF HUAIHE RIVER BASIN
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摘要:
为了探究淮河流域江苏段浮游植物时空不同维度上的物种间关系及其对环境资源的利用程度, 文章选取淮河流域江苏段的5条河流为研究对象, 设置18个采样点, 于2019—2022年丰水期进行调查。共鉴定出浮游植物8门89属238种, 通过计算优势度指数、生态位宽度、生态位重叠值和生态响应速率, 分析时间、空间和时空3个维度浮游植物优势种生态位特征。结果表明: 研究期间共鉴定出浮游植物优势种12种, 其中, 给水颤藻Oscillatoria irriguum、浮游席藻Phormidium planctonica和铜绿微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa是四年共有的优势种, 均为蓝藻门。优势种生态位宽度表明, 时间生态位宽度值最大, 为0.406—0.945, 空间次之, 为0.175—0.647, 时空宽度值最小, 为0.054—0.396, 各维度上宽度值最小的均为点形平裂藻Merismopedia punctata, 时间、时空生态位宽度值最大的均为近细微丝藻Ulothrix subtillissima, 表现出较强的生态适应性。生态位重叠值在时间、空间和时空三个维度上
$ {O}_{ik} $ >0.6的分别占57.58%、27.27%和15.15%, 分别以高度、中度和低度重叠为主。生态响应速率之和在时间、空间维度上均为正数, 时空维度上为负数, 表明群落结构在时空维度上较时间和空间维度更加稳定。综合而言, 淮河流域江苏段浮游植物时间变化较小、优势种较为重叠; 空间变化较大、优势种差异较大; 总体浮游植物群落生态位分化程度较高, 种间竞争较弱, 群落结构较为稳定。Abstract:In order to investigate the relationship between phytoplankton species in different dimensions of time and space and their utilization of environmental resources in Jiangsu Section of the lower reaches of the Huaihe River, 5 rivers were selected as research objects and 18 sampling sites were set up for investigation during the wet season from 2019 to 2022. A total of 238 phytoplankton species belonging to 89 genera and 8 phyla were identified. The dominance index, niche width, niche overlap value and ecological response rate were calculated, and the niche characteristics of dominant species of phytoplankton were analyzed in three dimensions of time, space and space. The results showed that 12 dominant phytoplankton species are identified during the study period, among which Oscillatoria irriguum, Phormidium planctonica and Microcystis aeruginosa are the common dominant species during the four years, all belonging to the phylum cyanophyta. The niche widths of dominant species showed that the temporal niche widths exhibited the greatest variability, ranging from 0.406 to 0.945, followed by the spatial niche widths, from 0.175 to 0.647, and the spatio-temporal widths proved the narrowest, from 0.054 to 0.396. The specie exhibiting the smallest niche width across all dimensions was Merismopedia punctata, whereas Ulothrix subtillissima demonstrated the widest niche width in the temporal and spatial, which showed strong ecological adaptability. Examination of niche overlap values unveiled that proportions exceeding 0.6 were 57.58%, 27.27% and 15.15% within the temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal dimensions, respectively. This distribution indicated a dominance of high, moderate and low niche overlaps across the respective dimensions. Furthermore, the sum of ecological response rate displayed positive in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, but negativity within the spatio-temporal dimension. This observation implies that community structure maintains higher stability within the spatio-temporal dimension compared to the temporal and spatial dimensions. In summary, the phytoplankton in Jiangsu Section of the Huaihe River Basin exhibited limited temporal variation, relatively overlapping dominant species, great spatial variation and large differences in dominant species. The evident high degree of niche differentiation across the phytoplankton community suggests weak interspecific competition and a relatively stable community structure.
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图 1 淮河流域江苏段样点分布
Figure 1. Distribution of sampling points in Jiangsu section of Huaihe River Basin
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图 2 淮河流域江苏段浮游植物优势种生态位宽度聚类分析
Figure 2. Cluster analysis of niche width of dominant phytoplankton species in Jiangsu section of Huaihe River Basin
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图 3 浮游植物优势种3个维度的生态位重叠值
Figure 3. Niche overlap values of phytoplankton dominant species in three dimensions
表 1 2019—2022年浮游植物优势种出现频率( f )、优势度(Y )及丰度(A, ×104cells/L)
Table 1 Frequency ( f ), dominance (Y ) and abundance (A, ×104cells/L) of phytoplankton dominant species during 2019—2022
优势种Dominant species 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 f Y A f Y A f Y A f Y A 给水颤藻Oscillatoria irriguum 0.471 0.038 17.689 0.722 0.120 51.569 0.667 0.083 6.342 0.833 0.194 8.991 浮游席藻Phormidium planctonica 0.706 0.095 29.494 0.722 0.062 26.509 0.778 0.131 8.520 0.722 0.024 1.300 双点席藻Phormidium geminata 0.529 0.033 13.742 0.167 0.002 3.797 0.167 0.004 1.179 — — — 类颤鱼腥藻Anabaena oscillarioides — — — 0.556 0.069 38.383 0.056 0.0002 0.173 0.667 0.024 1.365 点形平裂藻Merismopedia punctata 0.353 0.020 12.426 0.111 0.001 1.657 0.278 0.004 0.740 0.500 0.064 5.096 铜绿微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa 0.529 0.063 26.205 0.611 0.085 43.112 0.611 0.292 24.277 0.722 0.088 4.778 颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata 0.353 0.009 5.373 0.444 0.015 10.528 0.722 0.004 0.282 0.722 0.032 1.711 谷皮菱形藻Nitzschia palea 0.765 0.020 5.848 0.556 0.002 0.863 0.222 0.00008 0.017 0.556 0.001 0.084 冠盘藻Stephanodiscus 0.353 0.001 0.877 1.000 0.040 12.357 0.944 0.006 0.314 1.000 0.037 1.442 小环藻Cyclotella sp. 0.765 0.007 2.010 0.333 0.002 1.726 1.000 0.020 1.032 0.944 0.019 0.845 近细微丝藻Ulothrix subtillissima 0.588 0.027 10.160 0.444 0.020 13.910 0.333 0.005 0.830 0.667 0.019 1.119 小球藻Chlorella vulgaris 0.647 0.024 8.150 0.667 0.007 3.210 0.500 0.001 0.150 0.833 0.019 0.875 注: —表示该物种未在该年份出现Note: — indicates that the species do not occur in that year 
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表 2 淮河流域江苏段浮游植物优势种生态位宽度
Table 2 Niche width of dominant phytoplankton species in Jiangsu section of Huaihe River Basin
物种
编号
No.优势种
Dominant
species时间生态位
Temporal
niche空间生态位
Spatial
niche时空生态位
Spatio-temporal
nicheS1 给水颤藻 0.706 0.259 0.183 S2 浮游席藻 0.528 0.481 0.254 S3 双点席藻 0.575 0.254 0.146 S4 类颤鱼腥藻 0.523 0.175 0.091 S5 点形平裂藻 0.406 0.134 0.054 S6 铜绿微囊藻 0.437 0.472 0.206 S7 颗粒直链藻 0.602 0.503 0.303 S8 谷皮菱形藻 0.488 0.553 0.270 S9 冠盘藻 0.585 0.473 0.277 S10 小环藻 0.603 0.647 0.391 S11 近细微丝藻 0.945 0.419 0.396 S12 小球藻 0.669 0.545 0.365
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表 3 不同维度生态位重叠值取值范围的种对数及百分比
Table 3 Species logarithm and percentage of the range of niche overlap values in different dimensions
生态位重叠值
Range of niche overlap values时间Time 空间Space 时空Space-time 种对数
The number of
species pairs百分比
(%)种对数
The number of
species pairs百分比
(%)种对数
The number of
species pairs百分比
(%)Oik＞0.6 38 57.58 13 19.70 6 9.09 0.3＜Oik≤0.6 18 27.27 37 56.06 22 33.33 0＜Oik≤0.3 10 15.15 16 24.24 38 57.58
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表 4 三个维度上优势种相对占用资源量(ΔOik)及生态响应速率(R)
Table 4 Relative resource occupancy (ΔOik) and Ecological response Rate (R) of dominant species in three dimensions
物种编号
No.时间Time 空间Space 时空Space-time ΔOik R ΔOik R ΔOik R S1 18.697 0.038 6.124 0.042 12.966 0.014 S2 –8.020 –0.066 2.647 0.182 –3.691 –0.069 S3 –16.086 –0.036 –8.615 –0.030 –11.731 –0.012 S4 –14.257 –0.037 0.311 0.563 –6.127 –0.015 S5 1.121 0.362 –17.599 –0.008 –8.725 –0.006 S6 –10.283 –0.042 –9.460 –0.050 –9.797 –0.021 S7 9.068 0.066 14.589 0.034 14.313 0.021 S8 –30.617 –0.016 –1.179 –0.470 –15.557 –0.017 S9 7.844 0.075 5.800 0.082 8.457 0.033 S10 12.548 0.048 19.151 0.034 18.169 0.021 S11 20.838 0.045 –6.825 –0.061 2.554 0.155 S12 9.145 0.073 –4.945 –0.110 –0.833 –0.438
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