Abstract: In this project we studied Achnanthoid diatoms collected from the Great Xing'an Mountains. The morphological features of Karayevia Round Bukhtiyarova, Lemnicola Round Basson, Planothidium Round Bukhtiyarova, Psammothidium Bukhtiyarova Round were described in the Chinese language. The morphological characteristics and the distribution pattern of twelve achnanthoid taxa from the Great Xing'an Mountains were described in this study. Furthermore, here we reported three taxa as the newly recorded species in China, which were Achnanthes tumescens Sherwood Lowe, Planothidium lanceolatoide (Sovereign) Lange-Bertalot, and Psammothidium rossii (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Round.