大黄鱼对5种新型非粮蛋白源表观消化率的研究

APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FIVE NEW NON-GRAIN PROTEIN INGREDIENTS FOR LARGE YELLOW CROAKERS (LARIMICHTHYS CROCEA)

  • 摘要: 为研究大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)对乙醇梭菌蛋白、小球藻、黑水虻粉、黄粉虫粉和棉籽浓缩蛋白5种蛋白质原料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量和氨基酸表观消化率, 试验选取初始体重为(154.0±5.3) g的大黄鱼1800尾, 随机分到18个浮式网箱中, 设5个试验组和1个基础组, 每组3个平行。基础组投喂基础饲料, 试验组分别投喂5种试验饲料, 试验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%试验蛋白质原料组成, 以0.1%三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂。结果显示, 大黄鱼对5种试验原料干物质的表观消化率为56.77%—75.53%(乙醇梭菌蛋白>黄粉虫粉>小球藻>黑水虻粉>棉籽浓缩蛋白); 粗蛋白的表观消化率为69.93%—89.59%(乙醇梭菌蛋白>小球藻>棉籽浓缩蛋白>黑水虻粉>黄粉虫粉); 粗脂肪的表观消化率为58.58%—93.77%(乙醇梭菌蛋白>小球藻>黄粉虫粉>棉籽浓缩蛋白>黑水虻粉); 能量的表观消化率为63.39%—84.33%(乙醇梭菌蛋白>黑水虻粉>小球藻>黄粉虫粉>棉籽浓缩蛋白); 总氨基酸的表观消化率为76.62%—93.24%(乙醇梭菌蛋白>小球藻>棉籽浓缩蛋白>黑水虻粉>黄粉虫粉)。大黄鱼对各种蛋白质原料的氨基酸表观消化率与粗蛋白表观消化率变化趋势基本一致。结果表明: 乙醇梭菌蛋白是5种原料中最适合大黄鱼的蛋白源、小球藻次之, 大黄鱼对黄粉虫粉、棉籽浓缩蛋白和黑水虻粉的消化率均不佳。

     

    Abstract: Finding inexpensive and high-quality protein sources to replace fish meal is currently a thorny issue for the feed industry due to the decline in fishery resources and the increased demand for fishmeal, which has led to a significant increase in fishmeal prices. In this study, we selected five new non-grain protein sources, Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), Chlorell meal (CM), Hermetia illucens meal (HM), Tenebrio molitor meal (TM), and cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC). This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, and amino acid of these five protein sources by large yellow croakers (Larimichthys crocea) to provide a theoretical basis for the design of artificial compound feed formulations for large yellow croakers. Triplicate groups of fish initial weight=(154.0±5.3)g were fed the test diets to apparent satiation two times daily for eight weeks. The test diets consisted of 70% basal diet and 30% test ingredients, and 0.1% yttrium oxide (Y2O3) was used as an indicator. The results showed that dry matter coefficients of five test ingredients ranged from 56.77% to 75.53%(CAP>TM>CM>HM>CPC); The apparent digestibility of the crude protein ranged from 69.93% to 89.59%(CAP>CM>CPC>HM>TM); The apparent digestibility of crude lipid ranged from 58.58% to 93.77%(CAP>CM>TM>CPC>HM); The apparent digestibility of the gross energy ranged from 63.39% to 84.33%(CAP>HM>CM>TM>CPC); The apparent digestibility of the total amino acids ranged from 76.62% to 93.24%(CAP>CM>CPC>HM>TM). In conclusion, CAP is the optimum protein source of the five ingredients. However, CM, TM, and CPC require supplementation of deficient nutrients in their diets, and HM involves the addition of a defatting process to improve raw material nutrient levels. Additionally, comparative feeding experiments are required to determine the optimum amount of these five protein sources to be added to the large yellow croaker feed.

     

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