长江刀鲚生殖洄游期间脂肪酸组成及含量变化分析

CHANGES OF FATTY ACID COMPONENTS AND CONTENT OF COILIA NASUS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION

  • 摘要: 为探究长江刀鲚生殖洄游过程中脂肪酸组成及其含量变化规律, 研究选择洄游距离、卵巢发育和规格大小3个影响因子设置梯度, 对长江刀鲚肝胰腺、肌肉和卵巢的脂肪酸组成及含量进行实验分析。实验结果显示, 62尾雌性刀鲚3个组织均检测出28种脂肪酸, 以单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量最高, 大于各组织总脂肪酸含量的56.23%, 各类脂肪酸中的C18:1、C16:0、C16:1、DHA和EPA含量较高, 为主要脂肪酸。在生殖洄游过程中, 刀鲚肝胰腺总脂肪含量随洄游距离的延长呈上升趋势, 从崇明江段的(526.61±38.50) mg/g增加至安庆江段的(587.21±124.72) mg/g, 而肌肉和卵巢总脂肪酸含量呈显著下降趋势, 分别下降了33.03%和57.09% (P<0.05)。在各体长组中, 肌肉总脂肪酸、SFA、MUFA和PUFA含量与体长呈正相关(P<0.05), 而肝胰腺和卵巢总脂肪酸及各类脂肪酸含量与体长无显著相关性(P>0.05)。在卵巢发育过程中, 刀鲚肝胰腺和肌肉总脂肪酸、MUFA和PUFA含量随卵巢由Ⅱ期发育至Ⅳ期均呈下降趋势, 总脂肪酸含量分别减少了47.56%和22.40%, 卵巢总脂肪酸含量则由364.17增加至418.95 mg/g; 肝胰腺和肌肉中主要脂肪酸C18﹕1、EPA和C16﹕1含量有所下降, 但在卵巢中分别增加了1.21倍、1.36倍和1.31倍(Ⅱ期至Ⅲ期), 表明这些脂肪酸在卵巢发育过程中发生了显著转移。研究结果表明, 大规格刀鲚肌肉中储存了更多的脂肪酸, 各组织含有丰富的SFA和MUFA, 以及卵巢中富集的EPA和DHA, 为其洄游活动和性腺发育提供了营养保障。

     

    Abstract: In order to elucidate the changes in the components and contents of fatty acid of female Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River during spawning migration process, the components and contents of various fatty acid in the hepatopancreas, muscle and ovary of Coilia nasus were determined from three aspects of migration distance, ovarian development and body length. The results showed that 28 kinds of fatty acids were detected in the three tissues of 62 female Coilia nasus, including 8 saturated fatty acids (SFA), 6 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 14 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Among all the fatty acids, MUFA were the most abundant, accounting for more than 56.23% of the total fatty acids in each tissue. Specific fatty acids with higher levels included C18﹕1, C16﹕0, C16﹕1, DHA and EPA. During migration, the total amount of fatty acids in the hepatopancreas of Coilia nasus increased from (526.61±38.50) mg/g in Chongming to (587.21±124.72) mg/g in Anqing, but decreased by 33.03% and 57.09% in muscle and ovary respectively. The total amount of fatty acids, SFA, MUFA and PUFA in muscle were positively correlated with body length (P<0.05), but the contents of total fatty acids and fatty acids components in hepatopancreas and ovary had no significant correlation with body length (P>0.05). During the ovarian development from stages Ⅱ to Ⅳ, the contents of total fatty acids in hepatopancreas and muscle decreased by 47.56% and 22.40%, respectively, but increased from 364.17 to 418.95 mg/g in ovary. The contents of C18﹕1, EPA and C16﹕1 in hepatopancreas and muscle decreased, but increased by 1.21, 1.36 and 1.31 times in ovary (stages Ⅱ to Ⅲ), respectively, indicating that these fatty acids were also significantly transferred during ovarian development. The present study also found that there were more fatty acids in muscle of large size Coilia nasus, the abundance of SFA and MUFA in each tissue, and EPA and DHA in the ovaries, which provided sufficient nutrition for migration activities and gonad development.

     

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