龙羊峡水库鱼类多维多样性空间分布格局

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF FISH MULTIFACETED BIODIVERSITY IN THE LONGYANGXIA RESERVOIR

  • 摘要: 为了解龙羊峡水库鱼类多维多样性现状及空间分布格局, 于2022年6月对龙羊峡的鱼类进行了调查, 并结合鱼类物种出现与否、个体数和生物量3种数据类型对龙羊峡鱼类物种多样性、系统发育多样性和功能多样性现状及空间分布进行了研究。调查共采集鱼类2416尾, 94.24 kg, 经鉴定有鱼类19种, 隶属于4目7科17属, 其中土著鱼类8种, 外来鱼类11种。与历史调查相比, 龙羊峡的土著鱼类减少, 而外来种显著增加。基于3种数据类型计算的物种多样性、系统发育多样性和功能多样性分布结果存在差异, 所以在研究鱼类生物多样性时应该结合多种数据类型对其进行综合评估。具体来看, 龙羊峡物种丰富度分布呈现出库首>库尾>库中的特征, 但个体数和生物量从库尾至库首逐渐减少; 3种数据类型计算出的鱼类系统发育多样性均在库中最高; 基于物种出现与否和个体数两种数据类型计算的功能多样性均在库尾较高, 而基于生物量数据计算的功能多样性则在库首较高。回归分析表明, 龙羊峡鱼类系统发育多样性受外来物种显著影响, 而物种多样性和功能多样性的变化与距大坝距离和外来种数量之间均不相关。

     

    Abstract: To understand the status and the spatial distribution pattern of fish multidimensional biodiversity, we conducted a survey on fish resources in Longyangxia Reservoir in June 2022. Three types of data, including the presence or absence of fish species, the number and biomass of individuals, were used to analyze the status and spatial distribution of species diversity, phylogenetic and functional diversity of fish in Longyangxia Reservoir. A total of 2416 specimens weighing 94.24 kg belonging to 4 orders, 7 families, 17 genera and 19 species were collected. Among these, 8 species were native, while 11 species were exotic. Compared to historical research, the native species in Longyangxia Reservoir decreased, while the number of exotic species increased significantly. There are differences in the distribution of species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity calculated based on the three data types. Specifically, the species richness was the highest in the head region of the reservoir, followed by the tail region and the middle region, while the number of individuals and biomass gradually decreased from the tail region to the head region. The phylogenetic diversity based on the three data types was the highest in the middle region. The functional diversity calculated based on the presence or absence of species and the number of individuals was the highest in the tail region, while the functional diversity calculated based on biomass data was the highest in the head region. The regression analysis showed that the phylogenetic diversity of fish in Longyangxia Reservoir was significantly affected by exotic species, while the changes in species diversity and functional diversity were not correlated with the distance from the dam and the number of exotic species.

     

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