饲料中添加白术提取物对日本沼虾生长、健康和抗病力的影响

DIETARY EXTRACTION OF ATRACTYLODES MACROCEPHALA KOIDZ ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEALTH AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF MACROBRACHIUM NIPPONENSE

  • 摘要: 文章研究了饲料中添加不同水平的白术提取物(Extraction of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, EAMK)对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)生产性能、器官指数、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力、消化系统健康和抗病力的影响。实验以初始体重为(0.21±0.05) g的日本沼虾为研究对象, 设置6个饲料处理, 白术提取物添加量为0、100、200、400、600和1200 mg/kg(Control、A100、A200、A400、A600和A1200)。每个饲料处理设6个重复, 每个养殖缸放入60尾虾, 实验周期为75d, 每天记录采食量。养殖实验期间监测水体温度为(20±3)℃, pH为7.8—8.2, 亚硝酸盐为0.16—0.2 mg/L, 氨氮为0.02—0.1 mg/L, 溶氧>6.0 mg/L。在实验结束后, 分析日本沼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道消化酶和免疫指标及肝胰腺抗氧化能力, 观察日本沼虾的组织结构, 用嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)进行攻毒并记录存活率。结果表明: 饲料中添加200 mg/kg的白术提取物可以显著提高日本沼虾的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR), 并显著降低饲料系数(FC; P<0.05)。各处理组间的肝体比、出肉率和体成分均无显著性差异(P>0.05); A100组的血清葡萄糖(Glu)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 并能显著降低谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性(P<0.05); 各白术提取物处理组的血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇含量(TC)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05); A400组的肝胰腺GSH-Px活性显著高于A100组和对照组(P<0.05), A600组的肝胰腺CAT活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05), A200和400组的肠道iNOS的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05); A400组的日本沼虾肠绒毛显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 并且减轻了肝细胞的空泡化, 促进了鳃的完整性; A100处理组的嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后存活率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述, 白术提取物可以提高日本沼虾的生长性能和抗氧化能力, 提高抗病力, 在日本沼虾饲料中适宜添加量为100—400 mg/kg。

     

    Abstract: Despite the rapid development of Macrobrachium nipponense, disease problems have become increasingly serious in intensive farming, resulting in lower production. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, which has anti-pathogenic and anti-vira effects, is not easily resistant to drugs, and has the ability to promote the animal growth and improve immunity. In order to better improve the growth performance and disease resistance of aquaculture animals, it is necessary to develop herbal-based feed additives in the aquatic products. Taking Macrobrachium nipponense as the research object, we explores the effects of extraction of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (EAMK) as herbal additives on growth, health and disease resistance, and provides a scientific basis for the development and application of aquatic green feed additives. In this paper, we investigated the effects of feeding different levels of EAMK on production performance, organ index, blood biochemical index, antioxidant capacity, digestive health and disease resistance of Macrobrachium nipponense. The experiment was conducted on Macrobrachium nipponense with an initial body weight of 0.21 g for 75d with six feed treatments. which were set up with the addition of EAMK at 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 1200 mg/kg (Control, A100, A200, A400, A600 and A1200). Each treatment had 6 replicates with 60 shrimp in each tank. During the experiment, feeding status of the shrimp was observed daily, and water temperature, pH, and ammonia nitrogen concentration were recorded. At the end of the experiment, serum, intestine, hepatopancreas were collected. The results showed that the addition of 200 mg/kg of EAMK significantly increased the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of Macrobrachium nipponense and reduced the feed coefficient (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatopancreas index, meat percentage and body composition between the treatment groups (P>0.05). The serum glucose content of the A100 group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the ALT content (P<0.05) was significantly reduced. Hepatopancreatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly higher in the A400 group than that in the A100 and control groups (P<0.05), hepatopancreatic catalase (CAT) activity was significantly higher in the A600 group than that in all other groups (P<0.05), and intestinal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was significantly higher in the A200 and 400 groups than that in the control group (P<0.05). The intestinal villi of Macrobrachium nipponense in the A400 group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), which reduced vacuolation of hepatocytes and promoted gill integrity. The survival rate of Aeromonas hydrophila after attack in the A100 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). In summary, the addition of 100—400 mg/kg of EAMK could promote the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of Macrobrachium nipponense and significantly improve the disease resistance.

     

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