淮河流域江苏段浮游植物优势种时空生态位

SPATIO-TEMPORAL NICHE OF PHYTOPLANKTON DOMINANT SPECIES IN JIANGSU SECTION OF HUAIHE RIVER BASIN

  • 摘要: 为了探究淮河流域江苏段浮游植物时空不同维度上的物种间关系及其对环境资源的利用程度, 文章选取淮河流域江苏段的5条河流为研究对象, 设置18个采样点, 于2019—2022年丰水期进行调查。共鉴定出浮游植物8门89属238种, 通过计算优势度指数、生态位宽度、生态位重叠值和生态响应速率, 分析时间、空间和时空3个维度浮游植物优势种生态位特征。结果表明: 研究期间共鉴定出浮游植物优势种12种, 其中, 给水颤藻Oscillatoria irriguum、浮游席藻Phormidium planctonica和铜绿微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa是四年共有的优势种, 均为蓝藻门。优势种生态位宽度表明, 时间生态位宽度值最大, 为0.406—0.945, 空间次之, 为0.175—0.647, 时空宽度值最小, 为0.054—0.396, 各维度上宽度值最小的均为点形平裂藻Merismopedia punctata, 时间、时空生态位宽度值最大的均为近细微丝藻Ulothrix subtillissima, 表现出较强的生态适应性。生态位重叠值在时间、空间和时空三个维度上 O_ik >0.6的分别占57.58%、27.27%和15.15%, 分别以高度、中度和低度重叠为主。生态响应速率之和在时间、空间维度上均为正数, 时空维度上为负数, 表明群落结构在时空维度上较时间和空间维度更加稳定。综合而言, 淮河流域江苏段浮游植物时间变化较小、优势种较为重叠; 空间变化较大、优势种差异较大; 总体浮游植物群落生态位分化程度较高, 种间竞争较弱, 群落结构较为稳定。

     

    Abstract: In order to investigate the relationship between phytoplankton species in different dimensions of time and space and their utilization of environmental resources in Jiangsu Section of the lower reaches of the Huaihe River, 5 rivers were selected as research objects and 18 sampling sites were set up for investigation during the wet season from 2019 to 2022. A total of 238 phytoplankton species belonging to 89 genera and 8 phyla were identified. The dominance index, niche width, niche overlap value and ecological response rate were calculated, and the niche characteristics of dominant species of phytoplankton were analyzed in three dimensions of time, space and space. The results showed that 12 dominant phytoplankton species are identified during the study period, among which Oscillatoria irriguum, Phormidium planctonica and Microcystis aeruginosa are the common dominant species during the four years, all belonging to the phylum cyanophyta. The niche widths of dominant species showed that the temporal niche widths exhibited the greatest variability, ranging from 0.406 to 0.945, followed by the spatial niche widths, from 0.175 to 0.647, and the spatio-temporal widths proved the narrowest, from 0.054 to 0.396. The specie exhibiting the smallest niche width across all dimensions was Merismopedia punctata, whereas Ulothrix subtillissima demonstrated the widest niche width in the temporal and spatial, which showed strong ecological adaptability. Examination of niche overlap values unveiled that proportions exceeding 0.6 were 57.58%, 27.27% and 15.15% within the temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal dimensions, respectively. This distribution indicated a dominance of high, moderate and low niche overlaps across the respective dimensions. Furthermore, the sum of ecological response rate displayed positive in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, but negativity within the spatio-temporal dimension. This observation implies that community structure maintains higher stability within the spatio-temporal dimension compared to the temporal and spatial dimensions. In summary, the phytoplankton in Jiangsu Section of the Huaihe River Basin exhibited limited temporal variation, relatively overlapping dominant species, great spatial variation and large differences in dominant species. The evident high degree of niche differentiation across the phytoplankton community suggests weak interspecific competition and a relatively stable community structure.

     

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