DIFFERENT POLYCULTURE DENSITIES OF CARASSIUS AURATUS ON THE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT COMPONENT OF ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS UNDER RICE-CRAB CULTURE SYSTEM
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摘要:
为达到养殖环境生态平衡, 研究了稻田环境中混养鲫(Carassius auratus)[(48.53±2.11) g/尾] 对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)[(23.48±0.82) g/尾]生长和营养成分的影响。实验设置4个鲫密度: 0 (T0, 对照组)、100 (T1)、200 (T2)和300 尾/667 m2 (T3), 分别与中华绒螯蟹(300 只/667 m2)混养, 实验周期90d。结果显示: T1组中华绒螯蟹的终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、摄食率、出肉率、肝胰腺指数、性腺指数和总可食率显著高于其他组, 饵料系数显著低于其他3组, T1组鲫的终末体质量、增重率和特定生长率显著高于其他组(P<0.05); T2组中华绒螯蟹肌肉的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸评分最高, 其中苏氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。研究表明, 在中华绒螯蟹养殖过程中, 混养不同密度鲫对其生长、可食性状和肌肉营养品质存在显著影响, 其中混养100—200 尾/667 m2鲫更有利于提高中华绒螯蟹品质。
Abstract:In order to achieve the ecological balance, the influence mechanism of mixed culture of Carassius auratus [average weight of (48.53±2.11) g] on the growth and nutritional composition of Eriocheir sinensis [average weight of (23.48±0.82) g] were selected as the research objects in this paper. The density of C. auratus was set at 0 fish/667 m2 (T0, control), 100 fish/667 m2 (T1), 200 fish/667 m2 (T2), and 300 fish/667 m2 (T3) in mixed culture with E. sinensis. The experimental period lasted for 90d. The results showed that the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, meat yield, hepatopancreas index, gonadal index, and total edible rate were higher in the T1 in 4 experimental groups, while the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The total amino acid content, essential amino acid content, and essential amino acid score in T2 muscle were the highest, with Thr, Leu, Phe, and Lys levels in T2 muscle exceeding significantly in other groups (P<0.05). Research demonstrated that a stocking density of 100—200 fish/667 m2 of C. auratus not only enhanced the growth of E. sinensis but also optimized the edible tissues and nutrient quality of E. sinensis muscle.
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Keywords:
- Paddy culture /
- Breeding density /
- Growth index /
- Nutrient component /
- Eriocheir sinensis /
- Carassius auratus
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图 2 中华绒螯蟹和鲫生长指标比较
Figure 2. Comparison of growth indices of E. sinensis and C. auratus
表 1 日粮组成及营养水平 (风干基础)
Table 1 Diet composition and nutritional levels (air-dried basis)
原料Ingredient 含量Content (%) 鱼粉Fish meal 25.10 虾粉Shrimp powder 8.22 豆粕Soybean meal 30.50 菜粕Rapeseed meal 11.35 面粉Flour 15.53 麦麸Wheat bran 3.18 大豆油Soybean oil 2.12 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 2.50 预混料Premix1 1.00 食盐Salt 0.50 营养水平Nutrient levels 能量Energy (MJ/kg) 18.25 粗蛋白质Crude protein 37.97 粗脂肪Crude fat 5.52 水分Moisture 9.24 粗灰分Ash 4.40 注: 1预混料可为每千克日粮提供: 铜20 mg; 铁25 mg; 镁12 mg; 锰26 mg; 锌80 mg; 硒0.16 mg; 碘0.45 mg; 钴0.6 mg; 维生素A 10000 IU; 维生素E 100 mg; 维生素C 100 mg; 维生素D 32500 IU; 维生素K 32.2 mg; 维生素B1 3.2 mg; 维生素B2 15 mg; 维生素B3 20 mg; 维生素B4 10 mg; 维生素B5 25 mg; 维生素B12 0.016 mg; 叶酸5 mg; 胆碱 600 mg; 生物素 0.15 mg; 肌醇 200 mgNote: 1premix provide the follow per kg of basal diet: Cu 20 mg; Fe 25 mg; Mg 12 mg; Mn 26 mg; Zn 80 mg; Se 0.16 mg; I 0.45 mg; Co 0.6 mg; vitamin A 10000 IU; vitamin E 100 mg; vitamin C 100 mg; vitamin D 32500 IU; vitamin K 32.2 mg; vitamin B1 3.2 mg; vitamin B2 15 mg; vitamin B3 20 mg; vitamin B4 10 mg; vitamin B5 25 mg; vitamin B12 0.016 mg; folic acid 5 mg; choline 600 mg; biotin 0.15 mg; inositol 200 mg 
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表 2 各组中华绒螯蟹的可食性状比较
Table 2 Comparison of edible tissues of E. sinensis from different groups (n=15; %)
组别Group 出肉率MY 肝胰腺指数HSI 性腺指数GSI 总可食率TEY ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ T0 10.09±0.75a 8.23±0.36a 6.14±0.17a 6.26±0.21b 1.71±0.03a 22.55±0.76a T1 18.23±1.03d 10.04±0.34c 8.13±0.22c 7.48±0.10c 2.43±0.14c 32.42±1.32c T2 13.20±1.12c 9.97±0.26c 9.08±0.15d 5.89±0.29ab 1.95±0.05b 26.20±0.99b T3 12.03±0.87b 9.19±0.37b 7.07±0.07b 5.24±0.23a 2.04±0.08b 22.91±1.21a
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表 3 各实验组中华绒螯蟹肌肉常规营养成分(鲜质量基础 ％)
Table 3 Nutrients composition in muscle of E. sinensis from different groups (fresh weight basis %)
组别
Group水分
Moisture粗蛋白
Crude protein粗脂肪
Crude fat灰分
AshT0 77.35±1.22 17.61±0.44b 0.81±0.05a 2.56±0.03b T1 77.43±1.35 17.41±0.38b 0.95±0.09b 2.13±0.05a T2 76.94±0.87 18.23±0.51c 0.91±0.11b 2.12±0.10a T3 77.74±0.95 16.55±0.31a 0.89±0.06b 2.91±0.04c
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表 4 中华绒螯蟹肌肉中氨基酸含量(湿重, n=3)
Table 4 The amino acids content in muscle of E. sinensis (%wet weight, n=3)
指标
Parameter组别Group T0 T1 T2 T3 苏氨酸Thr* 0.57±0.02a 0.63±0.03a 0.70±0.02b 0.59±0.05a 缬氨酸Val* 0.60±0.01 0.67±0.03 0.64±0.02 0.63±0.04 蛋氨酸Met* 0.17±0.02 0.18±0.02 0.23±0.03 0.22±0.00 异亮氨酸Ile* 0.39±0.05a 0.65±0.06bc 0.76±0.03c 0.58±0.09b 亮氨酸Leu* 0.98±0.07a 1.04±0.06a 1.21±0.13b 0.94±0.11a 苯丙氨酸Phe* 0.54±0.06a 0.59±0.05a 0.68±0.01b 0.54±0.04a 赖氨酸Lys* 1.01±0.11a 1.09±0.08a 1.27±0.05b 1.06±0.10a 组氨酸His+ 0.48±0.02 0.49±0.05 0.46±0.03 0.43±0.06 精氨酸Arg+ 1.22±0.36a 1.28±0.39a 1.46±0.31b 1.15±0.12a 天冬氨酸Asp#& 1.21±0.15a 1.33±0.22b 1.47±0.17c 1.16±0.08a 谷氨酸Glu#& 2.00±0.45ab 2.12±0.31b 2.48±0.48c 1.91±0.26a 甘氨酸Gly#& 0.84±0.11b 0.83±0.07b 0.77±0.14a 0.83±0.21b 丙氨酸Ala#& 1.19±0.22a 1.27±0.25a 1.46±0.23b 1.20±0.15a 脯氨酸Pro& 0.65±0.08 0.73±0.10 0.72±0.09 0.64±0.05 丝氨酸Ser& 0.52±0.06a 0.55±0.03a 0.6±0.07b 0.49±0.05a 半胱氨酸Cys& 0.09±0.00 0.08±0.01 0.09±0.05 0.08±0.03 酪氨酸Tyr& 0.43±0.04 0.455±0.07 0.52±0.05 0.42±0.08 总氨基酸TAA 12.88±1.85a 13.95±1.83b 15.68±1.91c 12.81±1.52a 必需氨基酸EAA 4.26±0.35a 4.84±0.35b 5.59±0.35c 4.56±0.44a 鲜味氨基酸FAA 5.24±0.95a 5.54±0.85a 6.19±1.02b 5.09±0.71a 非必需氨基酸NEAA 6.93±1.09a 7.35±1.04a 8.12±1.22b 6.72±0.90a EAA/TAA 0.33 0.35 0.36 0.36 EAA/NEAA 0.62 0.66 0.68 0.68 注: *必需氨基酸; +半必需氨基酸; #鲜味氨基酸; &非必需氨基酸Note: *essential amino acids (EAA); +half-essential amino acids (HEAA); #flavor amino acids (FAA); &non-essential amino acids (NEAA)
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表 5 不同组别中华绒螯蟹肌肉中必需氨基酸评分
Table 5 Essential amino acid score (EAAS) in muscle of E. sinensis from different groups
必需氨基酸
Essential amino acidASS CS T0 T1 T2 T3 T0 T1 T2 T3 异亮氨酸Ile 0.89 1.48 1.74 1.33 0.67 1.10 1.30 0.99 亮氨酸Leu 1.26 1.33 1.56 1.21 1.04 1.10 1.29 1.00 赖氨酸Lys 1.69 1.82 2.13 1.69 1.37 1.41 1.65 1.37 苏氨酸Thr 1.30 1.43 1.59 1.34 1.12 1.23 1.37 1.16 缬氨酸Val 1.11 1.23 1.37 1.16 0.84 0.93 0.89 0.87 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸
Met+Cys0.67 0.67 0.83 0.78 0.38 0.38 0.47 0.44 苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸
Phe+Tyr1.46 1.57 1.80 1.44 0.99 1.06 1.22 0.98 必需氨基酸指数
EAAI85.62 96.86 109.99 92.86
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